Lead Toxicity: an Australian Perspective.

Plumbism refers to the clinical features of lead toxicity, a condition which has been identified and then forgotten in a depressingly cyclical fashion since ancient times. For the past 6000 years antiquarians have described the human use of lead despite the well documented and severe adverse effects of exposure. As the analytical methods of lead measurement bring improved detection capability, it is clear that there is no safe amount of lead in the body. Sadly, we continue to identify affected patients in contemporary Australia, including young children. While there is little evidence that chelation therapy improves outcomes in affected individuals, it is recommended for use in patients with acute encephalopathy or in those with particularly elevated levels. The paucity of evidence supporting active treatment of plumbism highlights the importance of primary prevention, particularly in our most vulnerable.