Islam M Tofazzal, Kim Kwang-Hyung, Choi Jaehyuk
Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh.
Department of Climate Service and Research, APEC Climate Center, Busan 48058, Korea.
Plant Pathol J. 2019 Feb;35(1):1-10. doi: 10.5423/PPJ.RW.08.2018.0168. Epub 2019 Feb 1.
Wheat blast occurred in Bangladesh for the first time in Asia in 2016. It is caused by a fungal pathogen, (MoT) pathotype. In this review, we focused on the current status of the wheat blast in regard to host, pathogen, and environment. Despite the many efforts to control the disease, it expanded to neighboring regions including India, the world's second largest wheat producer. However, the disease occurrence has definitely decreased in quantity, because of many farmers chose to grow alternate crops according to the government's directions. Bangladesh government planned to introduce blast resistant cultivars but knowledges about genetics of resistance is limited. The genome analyses of the pathogen population revealed that the isolates caused wheat blast in Bangladesh are genetically close to a South American lineage of . Understanding the genomes of virulent strains would be important to find target resistance genes for wheat breeding. Although the drier winter weather in Bangladesh was not favorable for development of wheat blast before, recent global warming and climate change are posing an increasing risk of disease development. Bangladesh outbreak in 2016 was likely to be facilitated by an extraordinary warm and humid weather in the affected districts before the harvest season. Coordinated international collaboration and steady financial supports are needed to mitigate the fearsome wheat blast in South Asia before it becomes a catastrophe.
小麦条锈病于2016年首次在亚洲的孟加拉国出现。它是由一种真菌病原体（MoT）致病型引起的。在本综述中，我们聚焦于小麦条锈病在寄主、病原体和环境方面的现状。尽管为控制该病付出了诸多努力，但它仍蔓延到了包括世界第二大小麦生产国印度在内的周边地区。然而，由于许多农民按照政府指示选择种植替代作物，该病的发生数量确实有所减少。孟加拉国政府计划引进抗条锈病品种，但对抗性遗传学的了解有限。对病原体群体的基因组分析表明，在孟加拉国引发小麦条锈病的分离株在基因上与一种南美洲的病菌谱系相近。了解致病菌株的基因组对于寻找小麦育种的目标抗性基因至关重要。尽管孟加拉国较为干燥的冬季天气以前不利于小麦条锈病的发展，但近期的全球变暖和气候变化正带来越来越大的病害发生风险。2016年孟加拉国的疫情爆发可能是由于收获季节前受灾地区出现异常温暖潮湿的天气所致。需要开展协调一致的国际合作并提供稳定的资金支持，以在南亚可怕的小麦条锈病演变成一场灾难之前加以缓解。
