Fones Helen N, Bebber Daniel P, Chaloner Thomas M, Kay William T, Steinberg Gero, Gurr Sarah J
Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Department of Biosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Nat Food. 2020 Jun;1(6):332-342. doi: 10.1038/s43016-020-0075-0. Epub 2020 Jun 8.
Emerging fungal and oomycete pathogens infect staple calorie crops and economically important commodity crops, thereby posing a significant risk to global food security. Our current agricultural systems - with emphasis on intensive monoculture practices - and globalized markets drive the emergence and spread of new pathogens and problematic traits, such as fungicide resistance. Climate change further promotes the emergence of pathogens on new crops and in new places. Here we review the factors affecting the introduction and spread of pathogens and current disease control strategies, illustrating these with the historic example of the Irish potato famine and contemporary examples of soybean rust, wheat blast and blotch, banana wilt and cassava root rot. Our Review looks to the future, summarizing what we see as the main challenges and knowledge gaps, and highlighting the direction that research must take to face the challenge of emerging crop pathogens.
新出现的真菌和卵菌病原体感染主要的热量作物和具有重要经济价值的商品作物，从而对全球粮食安全构成重大风险。我们当前的农业系统——强调集约化单一栽培做法——以及全球化市场推动了新病原体和问题性状（如抗真菌剂）的出现和传播。气候变化进一步促使病原体在新作物上和新地区出现。在此，我们回顾影响病原体传入和传播的因素以及当前的疾病控制策略，并以爱尔兰马铃薯饥荒这一历史实例以及大豆锈病、小麦叶瘟和叶斑病、香蕉枯萎病和木薯根腐病等当代实例加以说明。我们的综述展望未来，总结我们认为的主要挑战和知识差距，并强调面对新出现的作物病原体挑战研究必须采取的方向。
