Isayenkov Stanislav V, Maathuis Frans J M
Department of Plant Food Products and Biofortification, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom.
Front Plant Sci. 2019 Feb 15;10:80. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00080. eCollection 2019.
Salinity is a major threat to modern agriculture causing inhibition and impairment of crop growth and development. Here, we not only review recent advances in salinity stress research in plants but also revisit some basic perennial questions that still remain unanswered. In this review, we analyze the physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of Na and Cl uptake, sequestration, and transport associated with salinity. We discuss the role and importance of symplastic versus apoplastic pathways for ion uptake and critically evaluate the role of different types of membrane transporters in Na and Cl uptake and intercellular and intracellular ion distribution. Our incomplete knowledge regarding possible mechanisms of salinity sensing by plants is evaluated. Furthermore, a critical evaluation of the mechanisms of ion toxicity leads us to believe that, in contrast to currently held ideas, toxicity only plays a minor role in the cytosol and may be more prevalent in the vacuole. Lastly, the multiple roles of K in plant salinity stress are discussed.
盐度是现代农业面临的主要威胁，会抑制和损害作物的生长发育。在此，我们不仅回顾了植物盐胁迫研究的最新进展，还重新审视了一些仍然悬而未决的基本长期问题。在本综述中，我们分析了与盐度相关的钠和氯吸收、隔离和运输的生理、生化和分子方面。我们讨论了共质体途径与质外体途径在离子吸收中的作用和重要性，并批判性地评估了不同类型膜转运蛋白在钠和氯吸收以及细胞间和细胞内离子分布中的作用。我们对植物感知盐度可能机制的不完全了解进行了评估。此外，对离子毒性机制的批判性评估使我们相信，与目前的观点相反，毒性在细胞质中只起次要作用，而在液泡中可能更普遍。最后，讨论了钾在植物盐胁迫中的多重作用。
