Li X D, Li Y Q, Wang H G
Department of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
Qingzhou Tobacco Institute of CNTC, Qingzhou, Shandong 262500, China.
Plant Dis. 2001 Apr;85(4):447. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.4.447C.
Flue-cured tobacco is an important crop in Henan Province, China. During the 2000 growing season, many tobacco plants showed various degrees of mottling, mosaic, vein clearing, or vein necrosis in most of the counties. Some plants even died at an early stage of growth. A survey was conducted in May-June in several tobacco-growing counties, and the incidence of symptomatic plants in individual fields ranged from 10 to 85%. The most widely planted tobacco varieties, NC89, K326, and K346, were highly susceptible. Symptomatic plants were collected from Jiaxian and Xiangcheng counties and samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), and Potato virus X (PVX). Of 65 samples tested, 21 were positive for only PVY, 16 positive for only CMV, one each was positive for only TMV or PVX. Nineteen samples were doubly infected with various combinations of these viruses and six were infected with combinations of three viruses. The causal agent(s) in the remaining sample could not be determined. In total, CMV was detected in 40 samples, PVY in 38, PVX in 10, and TMV in 7 samples. TMV and CMV used to be the most important viruses and PVY occurred only rarely. But PVY has become prevalent in Henan and in neighboring Shandong province (2). CMV and TMV were reported to be the most prevalent viruses in Shanxi (1) and Fujian Provinces (3). Because resistant varieties are not available, and mixed infections are more common, the results presented here explain why huge damage is occurring in tobacco crops in recent years. Some varieties are partially resistant to TMV and CMV but the varieties commonly grown are highly susceptible to PVY. Therefore, breeding for resistance to viruses, especially to PVY, is urgent to control the occurrence of tobacco viral diseases. References: (1) J. L. Cheng et al. Acta Tabacaria Sin. 4:43, 1998. (2) J. B. Wang et al. Chinese Tobacco Sci. 1:26, 1998. (3) L. H. Xie et al. Acta Tabacaria Sin. 2:25, 1994.
烤烟是中国河南省的一种重要作物。在2000年生长季节，多数县的许多烟草植株出现了不同程度的斑驳、花叶、叶脉失绿或叶脉坏死。一些植株甚至在生长早期就死亡了。5月至6月间在几个烤烟县进行了调查，单个田块中有症状植株的发生率在10%至85%之间。种植最广泛的烟草品种NC89、K326和K346高度易感。从郏县和襄城县采集了有症状的植株，并通过酶联免疫吸附测定法对烟草花叶病毒（TMV）、黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）、马铃薯Y病毒（PVY）和马铃薯X病毒（PVX）进行检测。在检测的65个样品中，21个仅对PVY呈阳性，16个仅对CMV呈阳性，1个仅对TMV或PVX呈阳性。19个样品被这些病毒的不同组合双重感染，6个被三种病毒的组合感染。其余样品中的致病因子无法确定。总共在40个样品中检测到CMV，38个中检测到PVY，10个中检测到PVX，7个中检测到TMV。TMV和CMV曾经是最重要的病毒，PVY很少发生。但PVY已在河南及邻近的山东省流行起来（2）。据报道，CMV和TMV是山西省（1）和福建省（3）最普遍的病毒。由于没有抗病品种，且混合感染更为常见，此处给出的结果解释了近年来烟草作物为何遭受巨大损失。一些品种对TMV和CMV有部分抗性，但普遍种植的品种对PVY高度易感。因此，培育抗病毒品种，尤其是抗PVY的品种，对于控制烟草病毒病的发生至关重要。参考文献：（1）J.L.程等，《烟草学报》4:43，1998年。（2）J.B.王等，《中国烟草科学》1:26，1998年。（3）L.H.谢等，《烟草学报》2:25，1994年。
