Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
HRB Centre for Diet and Health Research, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Nutrients. 2019 Mar 1;11(3):535. doi: 10.3390/nu11030535.
Early childhood diet may have lifelong influences on health outcomes, yet development of indices to assess diet quality is scarce in toddlers, especially in Asian countries. We aimed to develop and evaluate a Diet Quality Index (DQI) in a multi-ethnic Asian mother⁻offspring cohort and identify perinatal correlates of early childhood diet. Based primarily on the Singapore dietary guidelines, the DQI includes seven food components: rice, bread and alternatives; fruit; vegetables; meat and alternatives; milk and dairy products; whole grains; and foods high in sugar. The DQI was developed using parental report of Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) data for 18-month-old toddlers ( = 561). The mean ± SD of DQI for the study toddlers was 44.2 ± 8.9 (theoretical range: 0⁻65). A higher DQI (better diet quality) was associated with higher intakes of several nutrients and food groups (e.g., vegetables, dietary fibre, and beta-carotene; all < 0.001). Further construct validity was demonstrated by substantial agreement between the FFQ-DQI and 24-hour-recall-DQI (Intraclass-correlation-coefficient: 0.70). Independent predictors of lower DQI included higher maternal pre-pregnancy BMI [β(95% CI): -0.23(-0.39, -0.07)], Malay ethnicity [-1.88(-3.67, -0.09)], lower household income [-1.97(-3.91, -0.03)], lower education level [-2.57(-4.85, -0.28)] and never breastfeeding [-6.17(-11.06, -1.28)]. We developed a valid DQI for assessing the overall quality of the diets of Asian toddlers.
儿童早期的饮食可能对健康结果产生终身影响，但在幼儿中，评估饮食质量的指数很少，尤其是在亚洲国家。我们旨在开发和评估一个多民族亚洲母婴队列的饮食质量指数（DQI），并确定幼儿期饮食的围产期相关性。DQI 主要基于新加坡饮食指南，包括七种食物成分：米饭、面包和替代品；水果；蔬菜；肉和替代品；牛奶和乳制品；全谷物；以及高糖食物。DQI 是使用 18 个月大的幼儿（n=561）的父母报告的食物频率问卷（FFQ）数据开发的。研究幼儿的 DQI 平均值±SD 为 44.2±8.9（理论范围：0-65）。更高的 DQI（更好的饮食质量）与多种营养素和食物组的摄入量较高相关（例如，蔬菜、膳食纤维和β-胡萝卜素；均<0.001）。进一步的结构有效性通过 FFQ-DQI 和 24 小时回顾-DQI 之间的大量一致性得到证明（组内相关系数：0.70）。较低 DQI 的独立预测因子包括较高的母亲孕前 BMI[β（95%CI）：-0.23（-0.39，-0.07）]、马来族裔[-1.88（-3.67，-0.09）]、较低的家庭收入[-1.97（-3.91，-0.03）]、较低的教育水平[-2.57（-4.85，-0.28）]和从未母乳喂养[-6.17（-11.06，-0.28）]。我们开发了一个有效的 DQI，用于评估亚洲幼儿饮食的整体质量。
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