Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaiso, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile.
Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2019 May;20(5):272-281. doi: 10.1038/s41583-019-0141-5.
Cellular mechanisms that regulate the interplay of synaptic excitation and inhibition are thought to be central to the functional stability of healthy neuronal circuits. A growing body of literature demonstrates the capacity for inhibitory GABAergic synapses to exhibit long-term plasticity in response to changes in neuronal activity. Here, we review this expanding field of research, focusing on the diversity of mechanisms that link glutamatergic signalling, postsynaptic action potentials and inhibitory synaptic strength. Several lines of evidence indicate that multiple, parallel forms of plasticity serve to regulate activity at both the input and output domains of individual neurons. Overall, these varied phenomena serve to promote both stability and flexibility over the life of the organism.
细胞机制调节突触兴奋和抑制的相互作用被认为是健康神经元回路功能稳定性的核心。越来越多的文献证明，抑制性 GABA 能突触能够对神经元活动的变化产生长期可塑性。在这里，我们回顾了这个不断发展的研究领域，重点介绍了将谷氨酸能信号、突触后动作电位和抑制性突触强度联系起来的多种机制。有几条证据表明，多种并行形式的可塑性有助于调节单个神经元的输入和输出域的活动。总的来说，这些不同的现象有助于在生物体的整个生命周期内促进稳定性和灵活性。
