Dixit Sameer, Henderson Jeremy C, Alfonzo Juan D
Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
Front Genet. 2019 Feb 14;10:104. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00104. eCollection 2019.
Among tRNA modification enzymes there is a correlation between specificity for multiple tRNA substrates and heteromultimerization. In general, enzymes that modify a conserved residue in different tRNA sequences adopt a heterodimeric structure. Presumably, such changes in the oligomeric state of enzymes, to gain multi-substrate recognition, are driven by the need to accommodate and catalyze a particular reaction in different substrates while maintaining high specificity. This review focuses on two classes of enzymes where the case for multimerization as a way to diversify molecular recognition can be made. We will highlight several new themes with tRNA methyltransferases and will also discuss recent findings with tRNA editing deaminases. These topics will be discussed in the context of several mechanisms by which heterodimerization may have been achieved during evolution and how these mechanisms might impact modifications in different systems.
在tRNA修饰酶中，对多种tRNA底物的特异性与异源多聚化之间存在相关性。一般来说，修饰不同tRNA序列中保守残基的酶采用异二聚体结构。据推测，酶的寡聚状态发生这种变化以获得多底物识别能力，是由在维持高特异性的同时适应和催化不同底物中的特定反应的需求驱动的。本综述重点关注两类酶，在这两类酶中，可以证明多聚化是使分子识别多样化的一种方式。我们将强调tRNA甲基转移酶的几个新主题，也将讨论tRNA编辑脱氨酶的最新发现。这些主题将在几个机制的背景下进行讨论，在进化过程中可能是通过这些机制实现异源二聚化的，以及这些机制如何影响不同系统中的修饰。
