Hujslová Martina, Bystrianský Lukáš, Benada Oldřich, Gryndler Milan
Laboratory of Fungal biology, Institute of Microbiology ASCR, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Za válcovnou 1000/8, 400 01, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic.
Extremophiles. 2019 May;23(3):267-275. doi: 10.1007/s00792-019-01085-9. Epub 2019 Mar 6.
Fungi from extreme environments, including acidophilic ones, belong to biotechnologically most attractive organisms. They can serve as a source of enzymes and metabolites with potentially uncommon properties and may actively participate within bioremediation processes. In respect of their biotechnological potential, extremophilic fungi are mostly studied as individual species. Nevertheless, microorganisms rarely live separately and they form biofilms instead. Living in biofilms is the most successful life strategy on the Earth and the biofilm is the most abundant form of life in extreme environments including highly acidic ones. Compared to bacterial fraction, fungal part of acidophilic biofilms represents a largely unexplored source of organisms with possible use in biotechnology and especially data on biofilms of highly acidic soils are missing. The functioning of the biofilm results from interactions between organisms whose metabolic capabilities are efficiently combined. When we look on acidophilic fungi and their biotechnological potential we should take this fact into account as well. The practical problem to be resolved in connection with extensive studies of exploitable properties and abilities of acidophilic fungi is the methodology of isolation of strains from the nature. In this respect, novel isolation techniques should be developed.
来自极端环境（包括嗜酸环境）的真菌属于生物技术领域最具吸引力的生物体。它们可作为具有潜在特殊性质的酶和代谢物的来源，并可能积极参与生物修复过程。就其生物技术潜力而言，极端嗜热真菌大多作为单个物种进行研究。然而，微生物很少单独生存，而是形成生物膜。生活在生物膜中是地球上最成功的生存策略，生物膜是包括高酸性环境在内的极端环境中最丰富的生命形式。与细菌部分相比，嗜酸生物膜中的真菌部分是一个很大程度上未被探索的生物体来源，可能在生物技术中有用，尤其是缺少关于高酸性土壤生物膜的数据。生物膜的功能源于代谢能力得到有效整合的生物体之间的相互作用。当我们审视嗜酸真菌及其生物技术潜力时，也应考虑到这一事实。与广泛研究嗜酸真菌的可利用特性和能力相关的实际问题是从自然界分离菌株的方法。在这方面，应开发新的分离技术。
