Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7780272, Chile.
College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2018 Jun;43:139-147. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2018.01.011. Epub 2018 Feb 6.
Extremely acidic environments have global distribution and can have natural or, increasingly, anthropogenic origins. Extreme acidophiles grow optimally at pH 3 or less, have multiple strategies for tolerating stresses that accompany high levels of acidity and are scattered in all three domains of the tree of life. Metagenomic studies have expanded knowledge of the diversity of extreme acidophile communities, their ecological networks and their metabolic potentials, both confirmed and inferred. High resolution compositional and functional profiling of these microbiomes have begun to reveal spatial diversity patterns at global, regional, local, zonal and micro-scales. Future integration of genomic and other meta-omic data will offer new opportunities to utilize acidic microbiomes and to engineer beneficial interactions within them in biotechnologies.
极端酸性环境在全球范围内都有分布，其成因可能是自然的，也可能越来越多地是人为的。嗜酸极端微生物在 pH 值 3 或更低时生长最佳，它们有多种策略来耐受伴随高酸度的压力，并且广泛分布在生命之树的所有三个领域中。宏基因组研究扩展了对极端嗜酸微生物群落、它们的生态网络和代谢潜力的多样性的认识，这些认识既有已证实的，也有推测的。对这些微生物组进行高分辨率的组成和功能分析，已经开始揭示全球、区域、局部、区域和微观尺度上的空间多样性模式。未来基因组和其他元组学数据的整合将为利用酸性微生物组并在生物技术中对其进行有益的相互作用提供新的机会。
