Department of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
J Med Virol. 2019 Jul;91(7):1217-1223. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25450. Epub 2019 Mar 18.
Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) is transmitted via transfusion of blood and blood products. PVB19 is resistant to viral inactivation methods, which poses a threat to blood safety. We investigated the prevalence of PVB19 antibodies and DNA in healthy blood donors from the South African National Blood Bank Service to evaluate the necessity of PVB19 DNA testing.
A retrospective analysis of 1500 residual plasma specimens from healthy blood donors from the SANBS repository were screened in mini-pools of 20 for PVB19 DNA using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Positive pools were resolved by individual viral load testing and screened for PVB19 immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to correlate viral loads with serological status. PVB19 IgG prevalence was determined by testing 90 randomly selected specimens from the 1500 plasma specimens.
The prevalence of PVB19 IgG, IgM and IgG, and DNA was 62.2%, 0.06%, and 0.9%, respectively. Fourteen of the 1500 blood donor specimens received, had detectable PVB19 viral loads. Nine of the fourteen donors with detectable viral loads were PVB19 IgG seropositive. The PVB19 viral loads ranged from 1.81 to 5.32 log IU/mL. Four of the fourteen viraemic donors had a viraemia >10 IU/mL.
We have demonstrated a low prevalence of PVB19 DNA in SANBS blood donors. The predominance of low-level viraemia and the presence of PVB19 antibodies, suggests that the risk of transfusion transmission of PVB19 among SANBS donors may be relatively low.
细小病毒 B19（PVB19）通过输血和血液制品传播。PVB19 对病毒灭活方法具有抗性，这对血液安全构成威胁。我们调查了南非国家血库服务中心健康献血者中 PVB19 抗体和 DNA 的流行情况，以评估进行 PVB19 DNA 检测的必要性。
对来自 SANBS 存储库的 1500 份健康献血者剩余血浆标本进行回顾性分析，采用实时定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）以 20 份为一组对 1500 份血浆标本进行 PVB19 DNA 筛查。对阳性组进行个体病毒载量检测，并对 PVB19 免疫球蛋白 M（IgM）和免疫球蛋白 G（IgG）抗体进行筛查，以将病毒载量与血清学状态相关联。通过对 1500 份血浆标本中的 90 份随机标本进行 PVB19 IgG 检测，确定 PVB19 IgG 的流行率。
PVB19 IgG、IgM 和 IgG 以及 DNA 的流行率分别为 62.2%、0.06%和 0.9%。在 1500 份献血者标本中，有 14 份标本可检测到 PVB19 病毒载量。在 14 份可检测到病毒载量的献血者中，有 9 份为 PVB19 IgG 血清阳性。PVB19 病毒载量范围为 1.81 至 5.32 log IU/mL。在 14 份病毒血症献血者中，有 4 份病毒血症>10 IU/mL。
我们证明了 SANBS 献血者中 PVB19 DNA 的低流行率。低水平病毒血症的流行和 PVB19 抗体的存在表明，SANBS 献血者之间 PVB19 经输血传播的风险可能相对较低。
