Kumari Swati, Thomas Reuben Kuruvilla, R Krishanamoorthy, Barani Ramya, Srikanth Padma
Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND.
Transfusion Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Aug 21;16(8):e67359. doi: 10.7759/cureus.67359. eCollection 2024 Aug.
Ensuring the safety of blood and blood products is a vital aspect of healthcare. The potential for transmission of pathogens through blood and blood products makes transfusion safety a significant concern. Despite advancements in testing methodologies, donated blood products still pose a risk for infection transmission. Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a small, single-stranded, non-enveloped DNA virus transmissible parenterally by blood transfusion. B19V causes a wide range of clinical manifestations, which is generally harmless in healthy individuals. B19V infection may cause severe complications, such as aplastic crises, as it affects erythrocyte progenitor cells in individuals with increased erythrocyte turnover. Additionally, B19V can be transmitted from pregnant women to their foetus, potentially causing hydrops fetalis and foetal death. The potential for transmission through blood and blood products makes B19V a significant concern for transfusion safety. In response to the growing recognition of B19V's impact on transfusion safety, various international health organisations have introduced guidelines to minimise its transmission through blood and plasma products. However, the implementation of these guidelines varies globally, with some regions, such as India, still lacking formal protocols for B19V monitoring. This review article explores the existing methodologies for screening blood donors for B19V, assesses the associated transfusion risks, and considers the implications for public health and clinical practice. By emphasising advancements in diagnostic techniques and the challenges of their implementation, this article provides a comprehensive overview of efforts to reduce the transmission of B19V through blood transfusions, thereby ensuring safer blood supplies and improved patient outcomes.
确保血液及血液制品的安全是医疗保健的一个重要方面。病原体通过血液及血液制品传播的可能性使得输血安全成为一个重大问题。尽管检测方法有所进步，但捐赠的血液制品仍存在感染传播风险。人细小病毒B19（B19V）是一种小型单链无包膜DNA病毒，可通过输血经肠道外传播。B19V会引发多种临床表现，在健康个体中通常无害。B19V感染可能导致严重并发症，如再生障碍危象，因为它会影响红细胞更新加快的个体的红细胞祖细胞。此外，B19V可从孕妇传播给胎儿，可能导致胎儿水肿和胎儿死亡。通过血液及血液制品传播的可能性使得B19V成为输血安全的一个重大问题。为应对对B19V对输血安全影响的日益认识，各国际卫生组织已出台指南，以尽量减少其通过血液和血浆制品的传播。然而，这些指南在全球各地的实施情况各不相同，一些地区，如印度，仍缺乏B19V监测的正式方案。这篇综述文章探讨了筛查献血者B19V的现有方法，评估了相关的输血风险，并考虑了对公共卫生和临床实践的影响。通过强调诊断技术的进步及其实施面临的挑战，本文全面概述了为减少B19V通过输血传播所做的努力，从而确保更安全的血液供应并改善患者预后。
