Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Facultad de Veterinaria, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain.
Toxins (Basel). 2019 Mar 5;11(3):150. doi: 10.3390/toxins11030150.
Aflatoxins are carcinogenic to humans and deoxynivalenol causes digestive disorders, and both mycotoxins occur frequently in cereal-based foods. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence and levels of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) and deoxynivalenol (DON) in cereal-based baby foods as well as to calculate the estimated daily intakes (EDI) in different stages of infancy. Sixty samples of infant cereals (wheat-, corn-, rice-, oat-, and mixed grain-based) were collected during a 2-year period and analyzed by validated methods. Aflatoxins were detected in 12 samples (20%), six of which exceeded the EU maximum level for aflatoxin B1 set at 0.10 µg/kg. Deoxynivalenol appeared in 20% of baby food samples, with one sample exceeding the EU maximum level established at 200 µg/kg. There were no significant differences between gluten-free products for babies aged 4⁻6 months and multi-cereal products for infants aged 7⁻12 months, nor between whole-grain-based and refined ingredients. However, baby food products of organic origin showed significantly higher levels of deoxynivalenol than conventional ones ( < 0.05). It is proposed for the health protection of infants and young children, a vulnerable group, to establish the lowest maximum level for the sum of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) in baby food.
黄曲霉毒素对人类具有致癌性，脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇会导致消化紊乱，这两种霉菌毒素经常出现在谷物类食品中。本研究旨在调查谷物类婴幼儿食品中黄曲霉毒素（B1、B2、G1 和 G2）和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）的发生情况和含量，并计算不同婴儿阶段的估计每日摄入量（EDI）。在为期两年的时间里，采集了 60 份婴儿谷物（小麦、玉米、大米、燕麦和混合谷物基）样本，并采用经过验证的方法进行了分析。在 12 个样本（20%）中检测到了黄曲霉毒素，其中 6 个样本超过了欧盟设定的黄曲霉毒素 B1 的最高限量 0.10 µg/kg。20%的婴儿食品样本中出现了脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇，其中一个样本超过了欧盟设定的 200 µg/kg 的最高限量。4⁻6 个月龄无麸质婴儿产品与 7⁻12 个月龄婴儿多谷物产品、全谷物基与精制成分之间均无显著差异。然而，有机来源的婴儿食品产品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的含量明显高于常规产品（<0.05）。建议为保护婴幼儿这一弱势群体的健康，在婴儿食品中建立黄曲霉毒素（B1、B2、G1 和 G2）总量的最低最高限量。
