Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Department of Genomic Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Nat Med. 2019 Mar;25(3):377-388. doi: 10.1038/s41591-019-0377-7. Epub 2019 Mar 6.
With the advent of next-generation sequencing, we have an unprecedented ability to study tumor and host genomes as well as those of the vast array of microorganisms that exist within living organisms. Evidence now suggests that these microbes may confer susceptibility to certain cancers and may also influence response to therapeutics. A prime example of this is seen with immunotherapy, for which gut microbes have been implicated in influencing therapeutic responses in preclinical models and patient cohorts. However, these microbes may influence responses to other forms of therapy as well and may also affect treatment-associated toxicity. Based on these influences, there is growing interest in targeting these microbes in the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Yet complexities exist, and a deeper understanding of host-microbiome interactions is critical to realization of the full potential of such approaches. These concepts and the means through which such findings may be translated into the clinic will be discussed herein.
随着下一代测序技术的出现，我们前所未有地能够研究肿瘤和宿主基因组，以及存在于生物体中的大量微生物。有证据表明，这些微生物可能使某些癌症易感，并可能影响对治疗的反应。免疫疗法就是一个很好的例子，肠道微生物已被牵连影响临床前模型和患者队列中的治疗反应。然而，这些微生物也可能影响其他形式的治疗反应，并可能影响与治疗相关的毒性。基于这些影响，人们越来越有兴趣在癌症和其他疾病的治疗中针对这些微生物。然而，其中存在复杂性，深入了解宿主-微生物组的相互作用对于充分发挥这些方法的潜力至关重要。本文将讨论这些概念以及将这些发现转化为临床应用的手段。
