Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China.
Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2019 Oct 1;58(40):14026-14043. doi: 10.1002/anie.201901061. Epub 2019 Jun 11.
Fluorophores and probes are invaluable for the visualization of the location and dynamics of gene expression, protein expression, and molecular interactions in complex living systems. Rhodamine dyes are often used as scaffolds in biological labeling and turn-on fluorescence imaging. To date, their absorption and emission spectra have been expanded to cover the entire near-infrared region (650-950 nm), which provides a more suitable optical window for monitoring biomolecular production, trafficking, and localization in real time. This review summarizes the development of rhodamine fluorophores since their discovery and provides strategies for modulating their absorption and emission spectra to generate specific bathochromic-shifts. We also explain how larger Stokes shifts and dual-emissions can be obtained from hybrid rhodamine dyes. These hybrid fluorophores can be classified into various categories based on structural features including the alkylation of amidogens, the substitution of the O atom of xanthene, and hybridization with other fluorophores.
荧光团和探针对于可视化复杂生物体系中基因表达、蛋白质表达和分子相互作用的位置和动态变化非常重要。罗丹明染料通常被用作生物标记中的支架，可实现荧光开启成像。迄今为止，它们的吸收和发射光谱已经扩展到涵盖整个近红外区域（650-950nm），这为实时监测生物分子的产生、运输和定位提供了更合适的光学窗口。本综述总结了自罗丹明染料发现以来的发展，并提供了调节其吸收和发射光谱以产生特定红移的策略。我们还解释了如何从杂化罗丹明染料中获得更大的斯托克斯位移和双发射。这些杂化荧光团可以根据结构特征进行分类，包括酰胺氮的烷基化、呫吨氧原子的取代以及与其他荧光团的杂交。
