Surgical Simulation Research Lab, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 162 Heritage Medical Research Centre, 112 St. NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada.
J Robot Surg. 2019 Jun;13(3):363-370. doi: 10.1007/s11701-018-00900-3. Epub 2018 Dec 15.
A systematic review was undertaken to assess the technology used to create stereovision for human perception. Adverse effects associated with artificial stereoscopic technology were reviewed with an emphasis on the impact of surgical performance in the operating room. MEDLINE/PubMed library databases were used to identify literature published up to Aug 2017. In the past 60 years, four major types of technologies have been used for reconstructing stereo images: anaglyph, polarization, active shutter, and autostereoscopy. As none of them can perfectly duplicate our natural stereoperception, user exposure to this artificial environment for a period of time can lead to a series of psychophysiological responses including nausea, dizziness, and others. The exact mechanism underlying these symptoms is not clear. Neurophysiologic evidences suggest that the visuo-vestibular pathway plays a vital role in coupling unnatural visual inputs to autonomic neural responses. When stereoscopic technology was used in surgical environments, controversial results were reported. Although recent advances in stereoscopy are promising, no definitive evidence has yet been presented to support that stereoscopes can enhance surgical performance in image-guided surgery. Stereoscopic technology has been rapidly introduced to healthcare. Adverse effects to human operators caused by immature technology seem inevitable. The impact on surgeons working with this visualization system needs to be explored and its safety and feasibility need to be addressed.
为评估用于人类感知的立体视觉创建技术，我们进行了一项系统综述。重点关注手术室内手术操作性能的影响，对与人工立体技术相关的不良反应进行了综述。使用 MEDLINE/PubMed 库数据库检索截至 2017 年 8 月发表的文献。在过去的 60 年中，已经使用了四种主要的技术来重建立体图像：立体镜、偏振光、主动快门和自动立体镜。由于它们都不能完美地复制我们的自然立体感知，用户在这种人为环境中暴露一段时间后，可能会出现一系列生理心理反应，包括恶心、头晕等。这些症状的确切机制尚不清楚。神经生理学证据表明，视前庭通路在将不自然的视觉输入与自主神经反应耦合中起着至关重要的作用。当立体技术应用于手术环境中时，报告了一些有争议的结果。尽管立体技术的最新进展很有前景，但尚未有明确的证据表明立体镜可以提高图像引导手术中的手术操作性能。立体技术已迅速引入医疗保健领域。由不成熟技术对操作人员造成的不良影响似乎是不可避免的。需要探索其对使用这种可视化系统的外科医生的影响，并需要解决其安全性和可行性。
