Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2019 Sep;47(9):1509-1520. doi: 10.1007/s10802-019-00524-7.
Off-time pubertal development is a predictor of substance use among adolescents. Early-maturing girls and early- and late-maturing boys appear to be at greater risk for substance use, although findings are more consistent for girls. Although cognitive factors are also important in the etiology of adolescent substance use, few studies have investigated potential cognitive risk and protective factors in these associations. The current study tested whether future orientation or cognitive style (e.g., attributions youth make about the causes and consequences of negative life events) moderated the association between pubertal timing and substance use two years later and whether this effect was stronger for females. Multiple linear regressions revealed cognitive style and future orientation significantly moderated the association between pubertal timing and substance use, and these effects did not differ by sex. Importantly, the pattern of these interactions differed, such that early pubertal timing predicted more substance use in the context of more negative and moderate cognitive styles and greater and moderate future orientation. Follow-up analyses revealed that an adolescent's attributions about the consequences, globality, and self-worth implications of negative life events significantly moderated the pubertal timing - future substance use association. Furthermore, the pattern of these interactions predicted each of the four types of substances assessed in the context of cognitive style, but only predicted nicotine and marijuana use in the context of future orientation. These results highlight which cognitive factors may influence risk for substance use for early-maturing youth.
青春期发育迟缓是青少年物质使用的预测因素。早熟的女孩和早熟、晚熟的男孩似乎面临更大的物质使用风险，尽管女孩的研究结果更为一致。尽管认知因素在青少年物质使用的病因中也很重要，但很少有研究调查这些关联中潜在的认知风险和保护因素。本研究测试了未来取向或认知风格（例如，年轻人对负面生活事件的原因和后果的归因）是否调节了青春期开始时间与两年后物质使用之间的关联，以及这种效应是否对女性更强。多元线性回归显示，认知风格和未来取向显著调节了青春期开始时间与物质使用之间的关联，并且这些效应在性别上没有差异。重要的是，这些相互作用的模式不同，即青春期开始时间较早的青少年在认知风格更消极和中等、未来取向更大和中等的情况下，会预测更多的物质使用。后续分析表明，青少年对负面生活事件的后果、整体和自我价值影响的归因显著调节了青春期时间与未来物质使用之间的关联。此外，这些相互作用的模式预测了在认知风格背景下评估的四种物质中的每一种，但仅在未来取向背景下预测了尼古丁和大麻的使用。这些结果突出了哪些认知因素可能会影响早期成熟青少年的物质使用风险。
