Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Feb 18;11:549928. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.549928. eCollection 2020.
To examine individual variability between perceived physical features and hormones of pubertal maturation in 9-10-year-old children as a function of sociodemographic characteristics.
Cross-sectional metrics of puberty were utilized from the baseline assessment of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study-a multi-site sample of 9-10 year-olds (n = 11,875)-and included perceived physical features the pubertal development scale (PDS) and child salivary hormone levels (dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone in all, and estradiol in females). Multi-level models examined the relationships among sociodemographic measures, physical features, and hormone levels. A group factor analysis (GFA) was implemented to extract latent variables of pubertal maturation that integrated both measures of perceived physical features and hormone levels.
PDS summary scores indicated more males (70%) than females (31%) were prepubertal. Perceived physical features and hormone levels were significantly associated with child's weight status and income, such that more mature scores were observed among children that were overweight/obese or from households with low-income. Results from the GFA identified two latent factors that described individual differences in pubertal maturation among both females and males, with factor 1 driven by higher hormone levels, and factor 2 driven by perceived physical maturation. The correspondence between latent factor 1 scores (hormones) and latent factor 2 scores (perceived physical maturation) revealed synchronous and asynchronous relationships between hormones and concomitant physical features in this large young adolescent sample.
Sociodemographic measures were associated with both objective hormone and self-report physical measures of pubertal maturation in a large, diverse sample of 9-10 year-olds. The latent variables of pubertal maturation described a complex interplay between perceived physical changes and hormone levels that hallmark sexual maturation, which future studies can examine in relation to trajectories of brain maturation, risk/resilience to substance use, and other mental health outcomes.
研究 9-10 岁儿童感知身体特征与青春期成熟激素之间的个体差异，探讨其与社会人口特征的关系。
利用青少年大脑认知发展研究（ABCD 研究）基线评估中的青春期横断面指标，该研究为多地点 9-10 岁儿童样本（n=11875），包括感知身体特征（青春期发育量表[PDS]）和儿童唾液激素水平（所有儿童的脱氢表雄酮和睾酮，以及女性的雌二醇）。多层次模型研究了社会人口学指标、身体特征和激素水平之间的关系。实施了群组因子分析（GFA），以提取综合感知身体特征和激素水平的青春期成熟的潜在变量。
PDS 综合评分显示，更多的男性（70%）处于青春期前，而女性（31%）处于青春期。感知身体特征和激素水平与儿童的体重状况和收入显著相关，超重/肥胖或来自低收入家庭的儿童观察到更成熟的评分。GFA 的结果确定了两个潜在因素，这些因素描述了女性和男性青春期成熟的个体差异，其中因素 1 由更高的激素水平驱动，因素 2 由感知的身体成熟驱动。潜在因子 1 评分（激素）与潜在因子 2 评分（感知的身体成熟）之间的对应关系揭示了在这个大型青少年样本中，激素与伴随的身体特征之间存在同步和异步关系。
在一个大型、多样化的 9-10 岁儿童样本中，社会人口学指标与客观激素和自我报告的青春期成熟身体测量均相关。青春期成熟的潜在变量描述了感知身体变化和激素水平之间复杂的相互作用，这些变化标志着性成熟，未来的研究可以进一步探讨其与大脑成熟轨迹、物质使用风险/抵御以及其他心理健康结果之间的关系。
