Griss Luiz Gustavo, Galli Gabriela M, Fracasso Mateus, Silva Anielen D, Fortuoso Bruno, Schetinger Maria Rosa C, Morch Vera M, Boiago Marcel M, Gris Anderson, Mendes Ricardo E, Baldissera Matheus D, Stefani Lenita M, da Silva Aleksandro S
Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
Graduate Program of Animal Science, UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
Parasitol Int. 2019 Aug;71:11-17. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.03.003. Epub 2019 Mar 5.
Both oxidative stress and alterations in adenosinergic and cholinergic systems participate in initiation and progression of parasitic infectious diseases. Nevertheless, the involvement of these pathways during eimeriosis remains poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of adenosinergic and cholinergic systems in regulation of inflammatory response and oxidative stress in chicken chicks experimentally infected with Eimeria spp. Two groups were formed for comparison at 3 time points (days 5, 10 and 15) of infection (PI): uninfected (control) and infected. Erythrocyte counts, hematocrit and hemoglobin levels were lower in infected chicks on day 15 post-infection (PI). Total leukocytes, heterophil and lymphocyte counts were higher in infected chicks on days 5 and 10 PI, while eosinophil counts were higher only on day 10 PI. Serum levels of total protein and globulins were higher in infected chicks on days 10 and 15 PI, while triglycerides and cholesterol levels were lower on day 15 PI. Acetylcholinesterase activity in total blood and butyrylcholinesterase activity in serum were higher in infected chicks on day 15 PI, while adenosine deaminase activity was higher on day 10 PI and lower on day 15 PI compared with the respective control. Finally, serum levels of reactive oxygen species and catalase activity in total blood were higher in infected chicks on day 15 PI, while superoxide dismutase activity in total blood was lower at the same time of infection. These data suggest that cholinergic and adenosinergic systems display a pro-inflammatory profile that contributes to impairment of immune and inflammatory responses in a mixed Eimeria infection. Furthermore, oxidative stress may contribute to clinical signs of disease as well as to pathogenesis. In summary, the impairment of immune response and alterations in blood antioxidant/oxidant status contributes to disease pathophysiology.
氧化应激以及腺苷能和胆碱能系统的改变均参与寄生虫感染性疾病的发生和发展。然而，在艾美耳球虫病期间这些途径的参与情况仍知之甚少。因此，本研究的目的是评估腺苷能和胆碱能系统在实验性感染艾美耳球虫属的雏鸡炎症反应和氧化应激调节中的作用。在感染后（PI）的3个时间点（第5、10和15天）形成两组进行比较：未感染组（对照组）和感染组。感染后第15天，感染雏鸡的红细胞计数、血细胞比容和血红蛋白水平较低。感染后第5天和第10天，感染雏鸡的总白细胞、嗜异性粒细胞和淋巴细胞计数较高，而嗜酸性粒细胞计数仅在第10天较高。感染后第10天和第15天，感染雏鸡的血清总蛋白和球蛋白水平较高，而第15天甘油三酯和胆固醇水平较低。感染后第15天，感染雏鸡全血中的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性和血清中的丁酰胆碱酯酶活性较高，而腺苷脱氨酶活性在第10天较高，与相应对照组相比，第15天较低。最后，感染后第15天，感染雏鸡血清中的活性氧水平和全血中的过氧化氢酶活性较高，而在同一感染时间全血中的超氧化物歧化酶活性较低。这些数据表明，胆碱能和腺苷能系统呈现促炎特征，在混合艾美耳球虫感染中导致免疫和炎症反应受损。此外，氧化应激可能导致疾病的临床症状以及发病机制。总之，免疫反应受损和血液抗氧化/氧化状态的改变导致了疾病的病理生理过程。
