Department of Economics, University of Wah, Quaid Avenue, Wah Cantt, Pakistan.
Department of Management, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Apr;26(12):12574-12589. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-04748-4. Epub 2019 Mar 9.
The objective of the study is to examine the impact of air-railways transportation on environmental degradation in the form of high mass carbon emission, natural resource depletion and forest depletion in the context of Pakistan by using an annual time series data from 1975 to 2016. The results show that railway passengers carried increases carbon emissions while air-railways transportation and travel services degrade environment in the form of natural resource depletion. The study verified "pollution haven hypothesis" where trade liberalization policies increases carbon emissions; however, "population genius" principle is hold where population growth conserve natural resources and environment through affluence and technology. The study concluded that government should take serious action to re-define transportation infrastructure in order to promote environmental sustainability agenda by introducing green vehicles and green transportation system, which is imperative for country's long-term sustainable development.
本研究旨在探讨 1975 年至 2016 年期间,通过使用年度时间序列数据,航空-铁路运输对巴基斯坦大规模碳排放、自然资源枯竭和森林砍伐等形式的环境退化的影响。结果表明,铁路乘客的增加导致了碳排放的增加,而航空-铁路运输和旅行服务则以自然资源枯竭的形式破坏了环境。本研究验证了“污染避难所假说”,即贸易自由化政策增加了碳排放;然而,“人口天才”原则认为,人口增长通过富裕和技术来保护自然资源和环境。本研究得出结论,政府应采取认真行动,重新定义交通基础设施,以通过引入绿色车辆和绿色交通系统来促进环境可持续性议程,这对国家的长期可持续发展至关重要。