Income Kamolwich, Ratnarathorn Nalin, Khamchaiyo Napassawan, Srisuvo Chanut, Ruckthong Leela, Dungchai Wijitar
Organic Synthesis, Electrochemistry & Natural Product Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha-utid Road, Bang Mod, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand.
Department of Primary Industries and Mines, Ministry of Industry, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
Int J Anal Chem. 2019 Feb 3;2019:3457247. doi: 10.1155/2019/3457247. eCollection 2019.
Uric acid (UA) and creatinine are the imperative biological substance for clinical monitoring and diagnosis. Measuring the ratio between uric acid and creatinine in urine helps differentiate acute uric acid nephropathy from the hyperuricemia that secondarily occurs to renal failure. In general, the ratio is greater than 0.9 in acute uric acid nephropathy and less than 0.7 in hyperuricemia. In this work, disposable nonenzymatic screen-printed reduced graphene oxide-gold nanocomposites electrodes were firstly developed for the quantitative analysis of uric acid. Our sensors were also coupled with the paper-based colorimetric sensor of the determination of creatinine. Hence, an alternative high-throughput screening test for the uric acid to creatinine ratio with high sensitivity, specificity, simplicity, and rapidity was developed. Under the optimum conditions, our disposable nonenzymatic screen-printed electrode for the determination of uric acid shows the acceptable analytical performance in a wide range of linearity (2.5-1,000 M) with a low detection limit of 0.74 M. Our electrodes also showed no interference from common physiologic compound in urine. The determination of creatinine has been developed using Jaffé reaction between the creatinine and picric acid in alkaline condition. The alkaline picrate color on PAD changed from yellow to orange in the presence of creatinine and the orange intensity is directly proportional to the creatinine amount in a linearity range of 0.20-6.0 mM as a detection limit of 180 M. Finally, our device has been utilized to determine uric acid and creatinine simultaneously in control urine samples with acceptable result.
尿酸（UA）和肌酐是临床监测和诊断中至关重要的生物物质。测量尿液中尿酸与肌酐的比值有助于区分急性尿酸肾病与肾衰竭继发的高尿酸血症。一般来说，急性尿酸肾病时该比值大于0.9，高尿酸血症时小于0.7。在这项工作中，首次开发了一次性非酶丝网印刷还原氧化石墨烯-金纳米复合材料电极用于尿酸的定量分析。我们的传感器还与用于测定肌酐的纸基比色传感器相结合。因此，开发了一种具有高灵敏度、特异性、简便性和快速性的用于尿酸与肌酐比值的替代高通量筛选测试。在最佳条件下，我们用于测定尿酸的一次性非酶丝网印刷电极在宽线性范围（2.5 - 1000 μM）内表现出可接受的分析性能，检测限低至0.74 μM。我们的电极也未显示出受尿液中常见生理化合物的干扰。利用肌酐与苦味酸在碱性条件下的Jaffe反应开发了肌酐的测定方法。在存在肌酐的情况下，PAD上的碱性苦味酸盐颜色从黄色变为橙色，橙色强度与肌酐量在0.20 - 6.0 mM的线性范围内成正比，检测限为180 μM。最后，我们的装置已用于同时测定对照尿液样本中的尿酸和肌酐，结果可接受。
