1 Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331; and.
2 Plant & Food Research (USA) LLC, Davis, CA 95616.
Plant Dis. 2019 May;103(5):922-928. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-09-18-1520-RE. Epub 2019 Mar 11.
Kernel mold on hazelnuts is defined by the United States Department of Agriculture, U.S.A., as any visible fungal growth either on the outside or inside of the kernel. Only one yeast and one filamentous fungus have been associated with kernel mold of hazelnut in Oregon. In this report, fungi were isolated from kernels with mold and identified using morphological and molecular characters. spp. were isolated most often from kernels with mold, but species of and and were also frequently isolated. Additional fungi from three other genera were also isolated. All of the same fungi were also isolated from symptomless kernels. or sp. previously associated with kernel defects in Oregon were not found associated with symptoms of kernel mold. Incidence of mold was the highest when nuts were incubated in moist chambers on wet, nonautoclaved orchard soil and was significantly higher than kernel mold found in nuts incubated on either air-dried soil or wet, autoclaved soil. Preventing hazelnuts from coming in contact with wet soil in the field using elevated wire screens resulted in significantly less mold development in two out of three years evaluated. Nuts on screens had a greater chance to dry out between rainstorms as measured by significantly lower nut moisture levels at harvest.
榛子上的核仁霉由美国农业部定义为在核仁内外任何可见的真菌生长。在俄勒冈州，仅有一种酵母和一种丝状真菌与榛子的核仁霉有关。在本报告中，从有霉斑的核仁中分离出真菌，并通过形态学和分子特征进行鉴定。最常从有霉斑的核仁中分离出 属的真菌，但也经常分离出 和 属的真菌。还从其他三个属中分离出了其他真菌。所有相同的真菌也从无症状的核仁中分离出来。以前与俄勒冈州核仁缺陷有关的 或 种未与核仁霉的症状相关联。当坚果在潮湿的室内放在潮湿的、未经高压灭菌的果园土壤上培养时，霉菌的发生率最高，明显高于在风干土壤或潮湿的、高压灭菌的土壤上培养的坚果中的霉菌发生率。使用升高的金属丝筛使榛子在田间与湿土接触，在三年评估中的两年显著减少了霉菌的生长。如在收获时坚果的水分含量明显较低所表明的，筛子上的坚果在暴雨之间有更大的干燥机会。
