Hoffman D D, Hartman G L, Mueller D S, Leitz R A, Nickell C D, Pedersen W L
Department of Crop Sciences.
USDA Agricultural Research Service and Department of Crop Sciences.
Plant Dis. 1998 Jul;82(7):826-829. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.7.826.
Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) is one of the most important diseases of soybean in the United States. Five maturity group III cultivars, Asgrow A3304 STS (A3304), Pioneer Brand 9342 (P9342), Pioneer Brand 9381 (P9381), Probst, and Yale, grown in fields in east-central Illinois, were used to determine the relationship of SSR incidence to yield, 100-seed weight, seed protein and oil content, visual seed quality, and seed germination. In addition, the number of sclerotia in seed samples and the seedborne incidence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were determined. For each cultivar, at least 23 two-row plots, 3 m long, that represented a range of SSR incidence from low to high, were used to count the number of plants with and without SSR stem symptoms and were used to estimate yields and evaluate seed quality. Disease incidence ranged from 2 to 45% for Probst, 0 to 65% for P9381, 0 to 68% for P9342, 1 to 93% for Yale, and 0 to 95% for A3304. Regression of yields on SSR incidences for each cultivar was significant (P < 0.05); for every 10% increase in SSR incidence, yields were reduced by 147, 194, 203, 254, and 263 kg/ha for Probst, A3304, P9342, Yale, and P9381, respectively. Disease incidence was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with seed germination for all cultivars but Probst, and to oil content and seed weight for P9381 and Yale. Disease incidence was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with seed quality for all cultivars and to the number of sclerotia in harvested seeds for P9342, P9381, and Probst. The seedborne incidence of S. sclerotiorum was 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.7% in A3304, P9381, Yale, Probst, and P9342, respectively, and represents a significant potential for further spread of this pathogen and disease.
菌核病是美国大豆最重要的病害之一。在伊利诺伊州中东部的田间种植了5个第III成熟组品种，即Asgrow A3304 STS（A3304）、先锋品牌9342（P9342）、先锋品牌9381（P9381）、普罗布斯特和耶鲁，用于确定菌核病发病率与产量、百粒重、种子蛋白质和油含量、种子外观品质以及种子发芽率之间的关系。此外，还测定了种子样品中的菌核数量以及核盘菌的种子带菌率。对于每个品种，至少使用23个3米长的双行小区，这些小区代表了从低到高的一系列菌核病发病率，用于统计有和没有菌核病茎部症状的植株数量，并用于估计产量和评估种子品质。普罗布斯特的病害发病率为2%至45%，P9381为0%至65%，P9342为0%至68%，耶鲁为1%至93%，A3304为0%至95%。每个品种的产量与菌核病发病率的回归显著（P < 0.05）；菌核病发病率每增加10%，普罗布斯特、A3304、P9342、耶鲁和P9381的产量分别降低147、194、203、254和263千克/公顷。除普罗布斯特外，所有品种的病害发病率与种子发芽率呈负相关（P < 0.05），P9381和耶鲁的病害发病率与油含量和种子重量呈负相关。所有品种的病害发病率与种子品质呈正相关（P < 0.05），P9342、P9381和普罗布斯特的病害发病率与收获种子中的菌核数量呈正相关。A3304、P9381、耶鲁、普罗布斯特和P9342的核盘菌种子带菌率分别为0.3%、0.3%、0.3%、0.4%和0.7%，这表明该病原菌和病害有进一步传播的重大潜在风险。
