Abbas H K, Cartwright R D, Shier W T, Abouzied M M, Bird C B, Rice L G, Ross P Frank, Sciumbato G L, Meredith F I
USDA-ARS, SWSL, Stoneville, MS 38776.
CES, University of Arkansas, Little Rock 72203.
Plant Dis. 1998 Jan;82(1):22-25. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.1.22.
Twenty samples of rough rice (Oryza sativa) (unpolished kernels) collected during the 1995 harvest season from Arkansas (seven samples) and Texas (13 samples) were obtained from rice fields known to include plants with symptoms of Fusarium sheath rot putatively caused by Fusarium proliferatum. Samples were analyzed for fumonisin B (FB) at three laboratories using three different extracting solvents by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Forty percent of the samples were positive for FB at levels ≤4.3 μg/g by HPLC. The same samples contained FB at ≤3.6 μg/g when measured by an ELISA method. Most samples that were positive for FB1 were positive for fumonisin B (FB) and fumonisin B (FB) by HPLC at levels ≤1.2 μg/g. Very good agreement was obtained among the two laboratories using HPLC methods and the third using ELISA. Shelling of the unpolished rice results in hull and brown rice fractions. In a sample that contained 4.3 μg/g in whole kernels, the fumonisin level was very high in hulls (≤16.8 μg/g) and low in brown rice (≤0.9 μg/g). Milling of brown rice results in bran and white rice fractions. Fumonisins were found in bran at a level of ≤3.7 μg/g but were below the level of detection by HPLC in white rice. The presence of fumonisins (FB, FB, and FB) was confirmed by fast atom bombardment/mass spectrometry. This is the first report of fumonisins in naturally contaminated rice in the United States.
1995年收获季节从阿肯色州（7个样本）和得克萨斯州（13个样本）采集了20份糙稻（水稻）（未抛光谷粒）样本，这些样本来自已知含有疑似由层出镰刀菌引起的镰刀菌鞘腐病症状植株的稻田。使用三种不同提取溶剂，通过高效液相色谱法（HPLC）或酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA），在三个实验室对样本进行伏马毒素B（FB）分析。40%的样本通过HPLC检测出FB含量≤4.3μg/g呈阳性。用ELISA方法测量时，相同样本中FB含量≤3.6μg/g。通过HPLC方法的两个实验室和使用ELISA的第三个实验室之间获得了非常好的一致性。未抛光大米脱壳后得到谷壳和糙米部分。在一个全谷粒中含有4.3μg/g的样本中，谷壳中的伏马毒素水平非常高（≤16.8μg/g），糙米中的伏马毒素水平很低（≤0.9μg/g）。糙米碾磨后得到米糠和白米部分。在米糠中发现伏马毒素含量≤3.7μg/g，但白米中的伏马毒素含量低于HPLC的检测水平。通过快速原子轰击/质谱法确认了伏马毒素（FB、FB和FB）的存在。这是美国关于天然污染大米中伏马毒素的首次报道。
