Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, 13736 Banha, Egypt.
Toxins (Basel). 2019 Mar 10;11(3):157. doi: 10.3390/toxins11030157.
Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) is a serious threat to the poultry industry. Proanthocyanidins (PCs) demonstrates a broad range of biological, pharmacological, therapeutic, and chemoprotective properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effects of PCs against AFB₁-induced histopathology, oxidative stress, and apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway in the bursa of Fabricius (BF) of broilers. One hundred forty-four one-day old Cobb chicks were randomly assigned into four treatment groups of six replicates (6 birds each replicate) for 28 days. Groups were fed on the following four diets; (1) Basal diet without addition of PCs or AFB₁ (Control); (2) basal diet supplemented with 1 mg/kg AFB₁ from contaminated corn (AFB₁); (3) basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg PCs (PCs); and (4) basal diet supplemented with 1 mg/kg AFB₁ + 250 mg/kg PCs (AFB₁+ PCs). The present study results showed that antioxidant enzymes activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in AFB₁ treated group were ( < 0.05) decreased, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were significantly increased in comparison with the control group. Furthermore, we found that dietary PCs treatment ameliorated AFB₁-induced oxidative stress in the BF through inhibiting the accumulation of MDA content and enhancing the antioxidant enzymes activities (T-SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and GST). Similarly, PCs markedly enhanced messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of antioxidant genes (, , , and ) in comparison with AFB₁ group. Moreover, histological results showed that PCs alleviated AFB₁-induced apoptotic cells in the BF of broilers. In addition, both mRNA and protein expression results manifested that mitochondrial-apoptosis-associated genes (, , , ) showed up-regulation, while () showed down-regulation in AFB₁ fed group. The supplementation of PCs to AFB₁ diet significantly reversed the mRNA and protein expression of these apoptosis-associated genes, as compared to the AFB₁ group. Our results demonstrated that PCs ameliorated AFB₁-induced oxidative stress by modulating the antioxidant defense system and apoptosis in the BF through mitochondrial pathway in broilers.
黄曲霉毒素 B₁（AFB₁）对家禽业构成严重威胁。原花青素（PCs）具有广泛的生物学、药理学、治疗学和化学保护特性。本研究旨在探讨 PCs 对 AFB₁ 诱导的肉鸡法氏囊（BF）组织病理学、氧化应激和通过线粒体途径的细胞凋亡的改善作用。将 144 只 1 日龄科布小鸡随机分为 4 个处理组，每组 6 个重复（每个重复 6 只鸡），试验期为 28 天。各组分别饲喂以下 4 种日粮：（1）不含 PCs 或 AFB₁的基础日粮（对照）；（2）含污染玉米 1mg/kg AFB₁的基础日粮（AFB₁）；（3）含 250mg/kg PCs 的基础日粮（PCs）；（4）含 1mg/kg AFB₁+250mg/kg PCs 的基础日粮（AFB₁+PCs）。本研究结果表明，与对照组相比，AFB₁ 处理组的总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶（GST）的抗氧化酶活性显著降低（<0.05），而丙二醛（MDA）含量明显升高。此外，我们发现日粮 PCs 处理通过抑制 MDA 含量的积累和增强抗氧化酶活性（T-SOD、CAT、GSH-Px 和 GST），改善了 AFB₁ 诱导的 BF 氧化应激。同样，与 AFB₁ 组相比，PCs 显著增强了抗氧化基因（、、、和）的信使 RNA（mRNA）表达。此外，组织学结果表明，PCs 减轻了 AFB₁ 诱导的肉鸡 BF 中凋亡细胞的形成。此外，mRNA 和蛋白质表达结果表明，线粒体凋亡相关基因（、、、）在 AFB₁ 喂养组中上调，而（）下调。与 AFB₁ 组相比，AFB₁ 日粮中添加 PCs 可显著逆转这些凋亡相关基因的 mRNA 和蛋白表达。我们的结果表明，PCs 通过调节抗氧化防御系统和通过线粒体途径在肉鸡 BF 中的细胞凋亡，改善了 AFB₁ 诱导的氧化应激。
