Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Apr;33(4):792-799. doi: 10.1111/jgh.14049. Epub 2018 Feb 19.
Exosomes are extracellular microvesicles released from cells, which are involved in many biological and pathological processes, mainly because of their role in intercellular communication. Exosomes derived from colorectal cancer (CRC) cells are related to oncogenesis, tumor cell survival, chemo-resistance, and metastasis. The role of the exosomes in these processes involves the transfer of proteins, RNAs, or mutant versions of proto-oncogenes to the target cells. In recent years, great efforts have been made to identify useful biomarkers in CRC exosomes for diagnosis, prediction of prognosis, and treatment response. This review focuses on recent studies on CRC exosomes, considering isolation, cargo, biomarkers, and the effects of exosomes on the development and progression of CRC, including resistance to antitumor therapy.
外泌体是细胞释放的细胞外微囊泡，参与许多生物和病理过程，主要是因为它们在细胞间通讯中的作用。源自结直肠癌（CRC）细胞的外泌体与致癌、肿瘤细胞存活、化疗耐药和转移有关。外泌体在这些过程中的作用涉及将蛋白质、RNA 或原癌基因的突变体转移到靶细胞。近年来，人们已经做出了很大的努力来识别 CRC 外泌体中的有用生物标志物，用于诊断、预测预后和治疗反应。本综述重点介绍了 CRC 外泌体的最新研究，考虑了其分离、货物、生物标志物，以及外泌体对 CRC 的发展和进展的影响，包括对抗肿瘤治疗的耐药性。
