Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Carcinogenesis. 2019 Jul 4;40(5):601-610. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgy138.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex and heterogeneous malignant cancer characterized by its high prevalence and poor prognosis. Among different etiologies, impairment of immune surveillance and dysbiosis are important events to mediate the invasion and metastasis of CRC. Although aberrant distribution of macrophages and microbiota exhibits distinct properties to modulate the malignant behaviors of CRC, the crosstalk among macrophages, microbiomes and tumor cells remains unclear. Exosomes are intercellular messengers carrying different cargo to regulate the biological and pathologic changes of recipient cells. CRC-derived exosomes can educate macrophages and facilitate the angiogenesis and establishment of premetastatic niche. Meanwhile, exosomes from macrophages and microbiome can regulate the tumor microenvironment for tumor progression and dissemination. The aim of this review is to highlight the innovative role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of CRC. Theoretical elaboration of the underlying mechanism provides valuable treating targets of CRC.
结直肠癌（CRC）是一种复杂且异质性的恶性肿瘤，其特点是发病率高、预后差。在不同的病因中，免疫监视的损害和菌群失调是介导 CRC 侵袭和转移的重要事件。尽管巨噬细胞和微生物群落的异常分布具有不同的特性来调节 CRC 的恶性行为，但巨噬细胞、微生物群落和肿瘤细胞之间的串扰仍不清楚。外泌体是携带不同 cargo 的细胞间信使，可调节受体细胞的生物学和病理变化。CRC 来源的外泌体可以诱导巨噬细胞，并促进血管生成和前转移龛的建立。同时，来自巨噬细胞和微生物群的外泌体可以调节肿瘤微环境，促进肿瘤的进展和扩散。本综述的目的是强调外泌体在 CRC 发病机制中的创新作用。对潜在机制的理论阐述为 CRC 的治疗提供了有价值的靶点。
