Department of Health Law, Policy and Management , Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
National Opinion Research Center , University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2019 May;43(5):1007-1015. doi: 10.1111/acer.14017. Epub 2019 Apr 8.
Excessive alcohol consumption poses significant hazards to health and safety on college campuses. While substantial research exists regarding effective policies for preventing alcohol-related problems in the communities surrounding campuses, on-campus alcohol policies have received far less attention.
Official campus alcohol policies (CAPs) were retrieved from the websites of the 15 member schools of the Maryland Collaborative to Reduce College Drinking and Related Problems, a voluntary statewide collaborative. CAPs were assessed for accessibility, clarity, and effectiveness. In addition to assessing whether campuses were in compliance with federal regulations for comprehensiveness of policies, a measure of likely policy effectiveness was developed through the use of 2 Delphi panels drawing on alcohol policy researchers and on-campus and community practitioners, respectively. The panels rated 35 potential policies and 13 possible sanctions; lists of policies and sanctions were compiled primarily from what was already in existence at 1 or more member schools.
For most campuses, the CAPs could be located within 30 seconds, but tended to be spread across multiple web pages. Language used to communicate the policies tended to be complex and above the reading level of someone with a high school education. At least half of the schools had less than half of the possible policies rated most or somewhat effective by the Delphi panels. Schools were more likely to employ the most effective sanctions, but somewhat and ineffective sanctions were also not uncommon.
CAPs are an important element in reducing negative consequences of alcohol consumption on college campuses. A higher level of research scrutiny is warranted to understand the extent to which CAPs are associated with excessive drinking, but this research describes an evidence- and expert-informed assessment approach that colleges can use to regularly analyze and update their CAPS.
过度饮酒对大学校园的健康和安全构成重大威胁。虽然大量研究涉及预防校园周边社区与酒精相关问题的有效政策，但校园内的酒精政策却受到的关注较少。
从马里兰州减少大学生饮酒和相关问题合作组织的 15 个成员学校的网站上检索到官方校园酒精政策 (CAP)。评估 CAP 的可及性、清晰度和有效性。除了评估校园政策的全面性是否符合联邦法规外，还通过使用两个 Delphi 小组分别利用酒精政策研究人员和校园和社区从业者，制定了衡量政策有效性的措施。小组分别对 35 项潜在政策和 13 项可能的制裁措施进行了评估；政策和制裁措施清单主要来自一个或多个成员学校已经存在的内容。
对于大多数校园来说，CAP 可以在 30 秒内找到，但往往分散在多个网页上。用于传达政策的语言往往复杂，超过了具有高中教育水平的人的阅读水平。至少有一半的学校，德尔菲小组认为最有效或最有效的政策不到一半。学校更有可能采用最有效的制裁措施，但也不乏有些和无效的制裁措施。
CAP 是减少大学校园饮酒负面影响的重要因素。需要更高级别的研究审查来了解 CAP 与过度饮酒的程度相关，但这项研究描述了一种基于证据和专家意见的评估方法，学院可以用来定期分析和更新他们的 CAP。
