Bagnardi V, Rota M, Botteri E, Tramacere I, Islami F, Fedirko V, Scotti L, Jenab M, Turati F, Pasquali E, Pelucchi C, Galeone C, Bellocco R, Negri E, Corrao G, Boffetta P, La Vecchia C
1] Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan-Bicocca, Via Bicocca degli Arcimboldi 8, 20126 Milan, Italy [2] Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy.
1] Department of Health Sciences, Centre of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy [2] Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy.
Br J Cancer. 2015 Feb 3;112(3):580-93. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2014.579. Epub 2014 Nov 25.
Alcohol is a risk factor for cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, colorectum, liver, larynx and female breast, whereas its impact on other cancers remains controversial.
We investigated the effect of alcohol on 23 cancer types through a meta-analytic approach. We used dose-response meta-regression models and investigated potential sources of heterogeneity.
A total of 572 studies, including 486 538 cancer cases, were identified. Relative risks (RRs) for heavy drinkers compared with nondrinkers and occasional drinkers were 5.13 for oral and pharyngeal cancer, 4.95 for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 1.44 for colorectal, 2.65 for laryngeal and 1.61 for breast cancer; for those neoplasms there was a clear dose-risk relationship. Heavy drinkers also had a significantly higher risk of cancer of the stomach (RR 1.21), liver (2.07), gallbladder (2.64), pancreas (1.19) and lung (1.15). There was indication of a positive association between alcohol consumption and risk of melanoma and prostate cancer. Alcohol consumption and risk of Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were inversely associated.
Alcohol increases risk of cancer of oral cavity and pharynx, oesophagus, colorectum, liver, larynx and female breast. There is accumulating evidence that alcohol drinking is associated with some other cancers such as pancreas and prostate cancer and melanoma.
酒精是口腔癌、咽癌、食管癌、结直肠癌、肝癌、喉癌和女性乳腺癌的危险因素，而其对其他癌症的影响仍存在争议。
我们通过荟萃分析方法研究了酒精对23种癌症类型的影响。我们使用剂量反应荟萃回归模型，并调查了异质性的潜在来源。
共纳入572项研究，包括486538例癌症病例。与不饮酒者和偶尔饮酒者相比，重度饮酒者患口腔和咽癌的相对风险（RR）为5.13，食管鳞状细胞癌为4.95，结直肠癌为1.44，喉癌为2.65，乳腺癌为1.61；对于这些肿瘤，存在明确的剂量-风险关系。重度饮酒者患胃癌（RR 1.21）、肝癌（2.07）、胆囊癌（2.64）、胰腺癌（1.19）和肺癌（1.15）的风险也显著更高。有迹象表明饮酒与黑色素瘤和前列腺癌风险呈正相关。饮酒与霍奇金淋巴瘤和非霍奇金淋巴瘤风险呈负相关。
酒精会增加口腔和咽癌、食管癌、结直肠癌、肝癌、喉癌和女性乳腺癌的风险。越来越多的证据表明，饮酒与其他一些癌症有关，如胰腺癌、前列腺癌和黑色素瘤。
