van den Elsen Lieke W J, Rekima Akila, Verhasselt Valérie
Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2019;90:137-149. doi: 10.1159/000490301. Epub 2019 Mar 13.
Gut immune function conditions the development of local and systemic diseases that result from defects in immune regulation, such as inflammatory bowel disease, allergy and obesity. As epidemiological studies support the developmental origin of health and disease, deciphering the critical factors modulating gut immune development should allow the advance of primary prevention strategies specifically adapted to the early-life immune system. Here, we will review gut mucosal immunity development and cover in more detail the recent understanding of the impact of early nutrition on this process. We will emphasize how nutrition can shape microbiota composition and metabolic function and thereby the production of metabolites with immune-modulatory properties. We will also focus on the role of dietary compounds recently demonstrated to be essential in immune development and function, such as dietary antigens, vitamin A, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands. Finally, we will discuss that early-life physiologic food for mammals contains factors capable of compensating for neonatal immune deficiencies, but also factors that are decisive for immune maturation towards a maternal milk-independent and efficient immune system.
肠道免疫功能决定了因免疫调节缺陷而导致的局部和全身性疾病的发展，如炎症性肠病、过敏和肥胖。由于流行病学研究支持健康与疾病的发育起源，解读调节肠道免疫发育的关键因素应有助于推进专门针对早期生命免疫系统的一级预防策略。在此，我们将回顾肠道黏膜免疫发育，并更详细地阐述近期对早期营养在此过程中影响的理解。我们将强调营养如何塑造微生物群组成和代谢功能，从而影响具有免疫调节特性的代谢产物的产生。我们还将关注最近被证明在免疫发育和功能中至关重要的膳食化合物的作用，如膳食抗原、维生素A和芳烃受体配体。最后，我们将讨论哺乳动物的早期生理性食物含有能够弥补新生儿免疫缺陷的因素，但也含有对免疫系统成熟为独立于母乳且高效的免疫系统起决定性作用的因素。
