Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Nutrients. 2021 Mar 9;13(3):886. doi: 10.3390/nu13030886.
Infectious diseases and infections remain a leading cause of death in low-income countries and a major risk to vulnerable groups, such as infants and the elderly. The immune system plays a crucial role in the susceptibility, persistence, and clearance of these infections. With 70-80% of immune cells being present in the gut, there is an intricate interplay between the intestinal microbiota, the intestinal epithelial layer, and the local mucosal immune system. In addition to the local mucosal immune responses in the gut, it is increasingly recognized that the gut microbiome also affects systemic immunity. Clinicians are more and more using the increased knowledge about these complex interactions between the immune system, the gut microbiome, and human pathogens. The now well-recognized impact of nutrition on the composition of the gut microbiota and the immune system elucidates the role nutrition can play in improving health. This review describes the mechanisms involved in maintaining the intricate balance between the microbiota, gut health, the local immune response, and systemic immunity, linking this to infectious diseases throughout life, and highlights the impact of nutrition in infectious disease prevention and treatment.
传染病和感染仍然是低收入国家死亡的主要原因，也是婴儿和老年人等弱势群体的主要风险。免疫系统在这些感染的易感性、持续存在和清除中起着至关重要的作用。由于 70-80%的免疫细胞存在于肠道中，因此肠道微生物群、肠道上皮层和局部黏膜免疫系统之间存在着复杂的相互作用。除了肠道中的局部黏膜免疫反应外，人们越来越认识到肠道微生物组也会影响全身免疫。临床医生越来越多地利用免疫系统、肠道微生物群和人类病原体之间这些复杂相互作用的新知识。现在人们已经认识到营养对肠道微生物群组成和免疫系统的影响，阐明了营养在改善健康方面的作用。这篇综述描述了维持微生物群、肠道健康、局部免疫反应和全身免疫之间错综复杂的平衡的机制，将其与整个生命周期中的传染病联系起来，并强调了营养在传染病预防和治疗中的作用。
