School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
J Immunol Res. 2019 Feb 5;2019:3205072. doi: 10.1155/2019/3205072. eCollection 2019.
Ficolins are innate pattern recognition receptors (PRR) and play integral roles within the innate immune response to numerous pathogens throughout the circulation, as well as within organs. Pathogens are primarily removed by direct opsonisation following the recognition of cell surface carbohydrates and other immunostimulatory molecules or via the activation of the lectin complement pathway, which results in the deposition of C3b and the recruitment of phagocytes. In recent years, there have been a number of studies implicating ficolins in the recognition and removal of numerous bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic pathogens. Moreover, there has been expanding evidence highlighting that mutations within these key immune proteins, or the possession of particular haplotypes, enhance susceptibility to colonization by pathogens and dysfunctional immune responses. This review will therefore encompass previous knowledge on the role of ficolins in the recognition of bacterial and viral pathogens, while acknowledging the recent advances in the immune response to fungal and parasitic infections. Additionally, we will explore the various genetic susceptibility factors that predispose individuals to infection.
纤维胶凝蛋白是先天模式识别受体 (PRR)，在循环系统和器官中对多种病原体的先天免疫反应中发挥着重要作用。病原体主要通过识别细胞表面碳水化合物和其他免疫刺激分子后直接调理作用，或通过激活凝集素补体途径而被清除，该途径会导致 C3b 的沉积和吞噬细胞的募集。近年来，有许多研究表明纤维胶凝蛋白在识别和清除多种细菌、病毒、真菌和寄生虫病原体方面发挥着作用。此外，越来越多的证据表明，这些关键免疫蛋白的突变或特定单倍型的存在会增加对病原体定植和免疫功能障碍的易感性。因此，本综述将涵盖纤维胶凝蛋白在识别细菌和病毒病原体方面的先前知识，同时承认其在真菌和寄生虫感染的免疫反应方面的最新进展。此外，我们还将探讨各种使个体易感染的遗传易感性因素。
