Kolchinsky Eduard I
Saint Petersburg Branch of the Institute for the History of Science and Technology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaia nab. 5, St. Petersburg, Russia, 199037.
Theory Biosci. 2019 May;138(1):49-71. doi: 10.1007/s12064-019-00279-1. Epub 2019 Mar 13.
The article aims to clarify the dynamics of the publication of E. Haeckel's works in Russia, and the evolution of their perception by the authorities, various social groups and scientists in a rapidly changing sociocultural context and in relation to the various stages of the evolutionary synthesis. It is shown that his works were reprinted nearly 50 times. Until the beginning of twentieth century, the translations of his works to some extent reflected the evolution of Haeckel's interests. His scientific ideas and concepts freely spread in the Russian-speaking world and predetermined phylogenetic studies. They define many specific features of the evolutionary synthesis in the Russian-speaking world. At the same time, Russian translations of Haeckel's philosophical and paradigmatic works, many of which were used by radicals in their ideological and political struggle and in anti-religious propaganda, were banned by the tsarist authorities and criticized by conservatives. After the 1917 revolution, numerous attempts were made in Russia to use Haeckel's monism for the dialectization of natural science, to defend the principle of inheritance of acquired characteristics and to substantiate Lysenkoism. Nevertheless, his works in Russian have not been published and have never been a subject of any serious historical or scientific research for almost 80 years.
本文旨在阐明恩斯特·海克尔著作在俄罗斯的出版动态，以及在快速变化的社会文化背景下，当局、各社会群体和科学家对其著作的认知演变，及其与进化综合各阶段的关系。研究表明，他的著作被重印了近50次。在20世纪初之前，他著作的翻译在一定程度上反映了海克尔兴趣的演变。他的科学思想和概念在俄语世界自由传播，并为系统发育研究奠定了基础。它们界定了俄语世界进化综合的许多具体特征。与此同时，海克尔的哲学和范式著作的俄语译本，其中许多被激进分子用于思想和政治斗争以及反宗教宣传，遭到了沙皇当局的查禁和保守派的批评。1917年革命后，俄罗斯多次尝试利用海克尔的一元论实现自然科学的辩证化，捍卫获得性遗传原则，并为李森科主义提供依据。然而，他的俄语著作近80年来一直未出版，也从未成为任何严肃的历史或科学研究的对象。
