Andersen R M, Giachello A L, Aday L A
Public Health Rep. 1986 May-Jun;101(3):238-52.
The most current research literature on the access of Hispanics to medical care is reviewed, and data from a 1982 national survey by Louis Harris and Associates on access to health care are presented to document current levels of access to health care of the Hispanic population. Through telephone interviews, 4,800 families were contacted, yielding a total sample of 6,610 persons. According to the survey's data, the ability of Hispanics to obtain health services is hampered by relatively low incomes, lack of health insurance coverage, and ties to a particular physician. However, Hispanics do not differ significantly from whites in their use of hospitals, physicians, or outpatient departments and emergency rooms. Hispanics are less satisfied than whites on a host of measures describing the most recent medical visit. These levels of dissatisfaction with the visit are similar to those of blacks. The recession and public care service cutbacks did not appear to result in a substantial reduction in the volume of medical care received by Hispanics and blacks. Still, the services available to minorities are viewed by them as less effective in meeting their needs in comparison with how whites view the services they receive. Further, the 1982 survey reveals particular difficulties and barriers for Hispanics in obtaining needed medical services. More than one-fifth of the Hispanic families had one or more significant problems in obtaining needed services.
本文回顾了有关西班牙裔美国人获得医疗保健服务的最新研究文献，并呈现了路易斯·哈里斯及伙伴公司1982年进行的一项关于获得医疗保健服务的全国性调查数据，以记录西班牙裔人口目前获得医疗保健服务的水平。通过电话访谈，联系了4800个家庭，共获得6610人的样本。根据调查数据，西班牙裔人获得医疗服务的能力受到相对低收入、缺乏医疗保险覆盖以及与特定医生的关系的阻碍。然而，西班牙裔人在使用医院、医生、门诊部和急诊室方面与白人没有显著差异。在一系列描述最近一次就诊的指标上，西班牙裔人比白人更不满意。他们对就诊的不满程度与黑人相似。经济衰退和公共医疗服务削减似乎并没有导致西班牙裔人和黑人获得的医疗服务数量大幅减少。尽管如此，与白人对所接受服务的看法相比，少数族裔认为现有的服务在满足他们的需求方面效果较差。此外，1982年的调查揭示了西班牙裔人在获得所需医疗服务方面存在的特殊困难和障碍。超过五分之一的西班牙裔家庭在获得所需服务方面存在一个或多个重大问题。
