Department of Psychology and Human Development.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2020 Aug;119(2):390-416. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000239. Epub 2019 Mar 14.
In 1992, the Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth (SMPY) surveyed 714 first- and second-year graduate students (48.5% female) attending U.S. universities ranked in the top-15 by science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) field. This study investigated whether individual differences assessed early in their graduate school career were associated with becoming a STEM leader 25 years later (e.g., STEM full professors at research-intensive universities, STEM CEOs, and STEM leaders in government) versus not becoming a STEM leader. We also studied whether there were any important gender differences in relation to STEM leadership. For both men and women, small to medium effect size differences in interests, values, and personality distinguished STEM leaders from nonleaders. Lifestyle and work preferences also distinguished STEM leaders who were more exclusively career-focused and preferred to work-and did work-more hours than nonleaders. Also, there were small to large gender differences in abilities, interests, and lifestyle preferences. Men had more intense interests in STEM and were more career-focused. Women had more diverse educational and occupational interests, and they were more interested in activities outside of work. Early in graduate school, therefore, there are signs that predict who will become a STEM leader-even among elite STEM graduate students. Given the many ways in which STEM leadership can be achieved, the gender differences uncovered within this high-potential sample suggest that men and women are likely to assign different priorities to these opportunities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
1992 年，数学早熟青年研究（SMPY）调查了在美国排名前 15 的科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）领域的大学就读的 714 名一年级和二年级研究生（48.5%为女性）。这项研究调查了在研究生生涯早期评估的个体差异是否与 25 年后成为 STEM 领导者（例如，研究型大学的 STEM 正教授、STEM 首席执行官以及政府中的 STEM 领导者）相关，而不是不成为 STEM 领导者。我们还研究了与 STEM 领导力相关的是否存在任何重要的性别差异。对于男性和女性，在兴趣、价值观和个性方面的小到中等效应大小差异将 STEM 领导者与非领导者区分开来。生活方式和工作偏好也将专注于职业、更喜欢工作且工作时间多于非领导者的 STEM 领导者区分开来。此外，在能力、兴趣和生活方式偏好方面存在小到大幅度的性别差异。男性对 STEM 的兴趣更强烈，更专注于职业。女性对教育和职业的兴趣更加多样化，她们对工作以外的活动更感兴趣。因此，在研究生早期，就有迹象表明谁将成为 STEM 领导者，即使是在精英 STEM 研究生中也是如此。鉴于 STEM 领导力可以通过多种方式实现，在这个高潜力样本中发现的性别差异表明，男性和女性可能会对这些机会赋予不同的优先级。
