Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Aquática e Imunoquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos, Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
Chemosphere. 2019 Jun;225:139-149. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.179. Epub 2019 Mar 2.
Adverse effects of exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) threaten the maintenance of odontocete populations. In southern Brazil, coastal bottlenose dolphins from the Laguna Estuarine System (LES) and Patos Lagoon Estuary (PLE) were sampled using remote biopsies during the winter and summer months. Levels of bioaccumulated POPs were measured in the blubber. The activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also quantified, as were the mRNA transcript levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT), cytochrome P450 1A1-like (CYP1A1), metallothionein 2A (MT2A), GST-π, GPx-4, GR, interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α), and major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) in the skin. In general, levels of POPs were similar among sites, sexes, ages and seasons. For most animals, total polychlorinated biphenyl (ΣPCBs) levels were above the threshold level have physiological effects and pose risks to cetaceans. The best-fitting generalized linear models (GLMs) found significant associations between GR, IL-1α and GPx-4 transcript levels, SOD and GST activities, and total polybrominated diphenyl ether (ΣPBDEs) and pesticide levels. GLMs and Kruskal-Wallis analyses also indicated that there were higher transcript levels for most genes and lower GST activity in the winter. These results reinforce the need to consider the influence of environmental traits on biomarker values in wildlife assessments.
暴露于持久性有机污染物 (POPs) 的不良影响威胁着齿鲸种群的维持。在巴西南部，利用远程活组织检查法在冬季和夏季对来自拉古纳河口系统 (LES) 和帕托斯泻湖河口 (PLE) 的沿海宽吻海豚进行了采样。在鲸脂中测量了生物蓄积 POPs 的水平。还定量了谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶 (GST)、谷胱甘肽还原酶 (GR)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GPx) 和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 的活性，以及皮肤中芳香烃受体 (AhR)、AhR 核转位蛋白 (ARNT)、细胞色素 P450 1A1 样 (CYP1A1)、金属硫蛋白 2A (MT2A)、GST-π、GPx-4、GR、白细胞介素 1α (IL-1α) 和主要组织相容性复合体 II (MHCII) 的 mRNA 转录水平。一般来说，各地点、性别、年龄和季节之间的 POPs 水平相似。对于大多数动物，总多氯联苯 (ΣPCBs) 水平高于具有生理效应并对鲸类构成风险的阈值水平。最佳拟合的广义线性模型 (GLMs) 发现 GR、IL-1α 和 GPx-4 转录水平、SOD 和 GST 活性以及总多溴二苯醚 (ΣPBDEs) 和农药水平之间存在显著关联。GLMs 和克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯分析还表明，大多数基因的转录水平较高，冬季 GST 活性较低。这些结果强化了在野生动物评估中考虑环境特征对生物标志物值影响的必要性。
