Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Mar 13;16(6):908. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16060908.
In order to explore melanoma risk factors through gender-, age-, race-, and site-specific incidence rates, malignant melanoma cases from the Caucasian whites and non-whites were retrieved from the US SEER database. Age-standardized, age-, and site-specific tumor rates were calculated. All races and both genders showed positive annual average percentage changes (AAPCs) over the years, but AAPCs varied at different body sites, with men's trunk exhibiting the fastest increase. Non-whites were diagnosed at a significantly younger age than whites and showed a trend towards fewer gender differences in the age of diagnosis. However, non-whites and whites showed a similar pattern of age-specific gender differences in the incidence rate ratios. A consistent spiked difference (female vs. male, incidence rate ratio (IRR) >2) was observed at or near the age of 20⁻24 in all race groups and at all body sites. The highest female vs. male IRR was found in the hip and lower extremities, and the lowest IRR was found in the head and neck region in all races. These race-, gender-, and site-dependent differences suggest that age-associated cumulative sun exposure weighs significantly more in late-onset melanomas, while genetics and/or pathophysiological factors make important contributions to early-onset melanomas.
为了通过性别、年龄、种族和部位特异性发病率来探索黑色素瘤的危险因素，从美国 SEER 数据库中检索了白种人和非白种人的白种人恶性黑色素瘤病例。计算了年龄标准化、年龄和部位特异性肿瘤发病率。所有种族和性别在这些年中都表现出正的年均百分比变化（AAPC），但 AAPC 在不同的身体部位有所不同，男性躯干的增长速度最快。与白人相比，非白人的诊断年龄明显更小，并且在诊断年龄方面的性别差异呈减少趋势。然而，非白人和白人在发病率比的年龄特异性性别差异模式上相似。在所有种族群体和所有身体部位，在 20-24 岁左右观察到一致的尖峰差异（女性与男性，发病率比（IRR）>2）。在臀部和下肢发现最高的女性与男性 IRR，而在所有种族中，IRR 最低的是头颈部。这些种族、性别和部位依赖性差异表明，与年龄相关的累积日光暴露在发病较晚的黑色素瘤中起着重要作用，而遗传和/或病理生理因素对发病较早的黑色素瘤也有重要贡献。
