Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2019 Sep;25(9):1064-1070. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.02.028. Epub 2019 Mar 11.
Staphylococcus argenteus and Staphylococcus schweitzeri, previously known as divergent Staphylococcus aureus clonal lineages, have been recently established as novel, difficult-to-delimit, coagulase-positive species within the S. aureus complex. Methicillin-resistant strains of S. argenteus are known from Australia and the UK. Knowledge of their epidemiology, medical significance and transmission risk is limited and partly contradictory, hampering definitive recommendations. There is mounting evidence that the pathogenicity of S. argenteus is similar to that of 'classical' S. aureus, while as yet no S. schweitzeri infections have been reported.
To provide decision support on whether and how to distinguish and report both species.
PubMed, searched for S. argenteus and S. schweitzeri.
This position paper reviews the main characteristics of both species and draws conclusions for microbiological diagnostics and surveillance as well as infection prevention and control measures.
We propose not distinguishing within the S. aureus complex for routine reporting purposes until there is evidence that pathogenicity or clinical outcome differ markedly between the different species. Primarily for research purposes, suitably equipped laboratories are encouraged to differentiate between S. argenteus and S. schweitzeri. Caution is urged if these novel species are explicitly reported. In such cases, a specific comment should be added (i.e. 'member of the S.aureus complex') to prevent confusion with less- or non-pathogenic staphylococci. Prioritizing aspects of patient safety, methicillin-resistant isolates should be handled as recommended for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In these cases, the clinician responsible should be directly contacted and informed by the diagnosing microbiological laboratory, as they would be for MRSA. Research is warranted to clarify the epidemiology, clinical impact and implications for infection control of such isolates.
金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌和施氏葡萄球菌，以前被认为是不同的金黄色葡萄球菌克隆谱系，最近被确立为金黄色葡萄球菌复合体中新型、难以界定的凝固酶阳性种。耐甲氧西林金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌株已知存在于澳大利亚和英国。对其流行病学、医学意义和传播风险的了解有限，部分相互矛盾，阻碍了明确的建议。越来越多的证据表明，金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌的致病性与“经典”金黄色葡萄球菌相似，而迄今为止尚未报告施氏葡萄球菌感染。
提供关于是否以及如何区分和报告这两种物种的决策支持。
在 PubMed 上搜索金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌和施氏葡萄球菌。
本立场文件回顾了这两个物种的主要特征，并就微生物学诊断和监测以及感染预防和控制措施得出结论。
我们建议在有证据表明不同物种的致病性或临床结果有明显差异之前，在常规报告目的上不在金黄色葡萄球菌复合体中进行区分。主要用于研究目的，鼓励配备适当设备的实验室区分金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌和施氏葡萄球菌。如果明确报告这些新型物种，则应谨慎行事。在这种情况下，应添加特定评论（即“金黄色葡萄球菌复合体的成员”）以防止与致病性较低或非致病性葡萄球菌混淆。应优先考虑患者安全方面，耐甲氧西林金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌分离株应按照耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的建议进行处理。在这种情况下，负责的临床医生应直接与诊断微生物学实验室联系，并由其通知。需要进行研究以阐明此类分离株的流行病学、临床影响和感染控制意义。
