Skimina Ewa, Cieciuch Jan, Schwartz Shalom H, Davidov Eldad, Algesheimer René
Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
URPP Social Networks, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Front Psychol. 2019 Feb 19;10:281. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00281. eCollection 2019.
We identified behavioral signatures of the values distinguished in the Schwartz et al. refined value theory (2012). We examined behavioral signatures for two types of values, value states and value traits. We conducted two studies using innovative approaches. Study 1 used retrospective self-reports whereas Study 2 used self-reports in real time. In Study 1 ( = 703), we sought act frequency signatures of the 19 basic value traits that the Portrait Value Questionnaire-Revised (Schwartz, 2017) measures. We examined the frequency of 209 acts from the Oregon Avocational Interest Scales (Goldberg, 2010) for which there were no expectations that values would necessarily influence them. We computed partial correlations between each behavioral act and each value. We discuss the theoretical links to each value of the 10 behavioral acts that correlated most highly with it. Study 2 analyzed 9,416 behavioral acts of 374 participants. We measured value expressions in current behavior, i.e., , using experience sampling methodology (ESM). We asked participants 7 times per day for 7 days what they had been doing during the past 15 min and how important 9 different values from the Schwartz's refined value theory were to them during that activity. Because the questions about activities were open-ended, the set of behavioral acts analyzed in Study 2 was theoretically unlimited. To find signatures of values in behavior, we identified the activities during which participants reported the highest level of importance for each value. Both studies revealed meaningful associations between values and daily behavior.
我们识别出了施瓦茨等人（2012年）完善的价值理论中所区分的价值观的行为特征。我们研究了两种类型价值观的行为特征，即价值状态和价值特质。我们采用创新方法进行了两项研究。研究1使用回顾性自我报告，而研究2使用实时自我报告。在研究1（n = 703）中，我们寻找了《修订版肖像价值问卷》（施瓦茨，2017年）所测量的19种基本价值特质的行为频率特征。我们考察了来自《俄勒冈业余兴趣量表》（戈德堡，2010年）的209种行为的频率，对于这些行为，我们并不预期价值观一定会对其产生影响。我们计算了每种行为与每种价值观之间的偏相关。我们讨论了与每种价值观相关性最高的10种行为与该价值观的理论联系。研究2分析了374名参与者的9416种行为。我们通过经验取样法（ESM）测量当前行为中的价值表达，即 。我们要求参与者在7天内每天回答7次他们在过去15分钟内做了什么，以及施瓦茨完善的价值理论中的9种不同价值观在该活动中对他们有多重要。由于关于活动的问题是开放式的，研究2中分析的行为集在理论上是无限的。为了在行为中找到价值观的特征，我们确定了参与者报告每种价值观重要性最高的活动。两项研究都揭示了价值观与日常行为之间有意义的关联。
