Sharma A, Rawat A K
Alcohol. 1986 Mar-Apr;3(2):101-6. doi: 10.1016/0741-8329(86)90019-4.
Prolonged administration of either lithium (7 mg/kg body wt.) or ethanol (30% of daily caloric intake) for 10 days to pregnant rats results in several anatomical abnormalities in the fetus. Intragastric administration of lithium carbonate to pregnant rats immediately after confirmation of pregnancy resulted in high incidence of cleft palate, growth retardation, brain liquification and pulpy brain, hepatomegaly and digital abnormalities, when compared to the saline-treated controls. Furthermore, lithium administration during gestation also resulted in other less frequently observed abnormalities in the fetus, e.g., cardiomegaly, hydronephrosis, ankle-joint defects, syndactyly, defected ribs and sternum ossification defects. Chronic ethanol consumption by pregnant rats during early gestation also resulted in several anatomical abnormalities of prenatal growth retardation, resorption and still births, cleft palate, hydrocephaly and hydronephrosis. The severity and frequency of several of the fetal abnormalities were compounded when lithium and ethanol were administered simultaneously. The possible mechanisms of lithium and ethanol teratogenicity and their synergistic effects have been explained on a biochemical basis.
对怀孕大鼠连续10天给予锂（7毫克/千克体重）或乙醇（每日热量摄入的30%），会导致胎儿出现多种解剖学异常。在确认怀孕后立即对怀孕大鼠进行碳酸锂灌胃，与用生理盐水处理的对照组相比，会导致高腭裂发生率、生长发育迟缓、脑液化和脑软化、肝肿大以及手指异常。此外，孕期给予锂还会导致胎儿出现其他较少见的异常，例如心脏肥大、肾积水、踝关节缺陷、并指、肋骨缺陷和胸骨骨化缺陷。怀孕大鼠在妊娠早期长期摄入乙醇也会导致几种解剖学异常，包括产前生长发育迟缓、吸收和死产、腭裂、脑积水和肾积水。当同时给予锂和乙醇时，几种胎儿异常的严重程度和发生率会增加。锂和乙醇致畸性及其协同作用的可能机制已从生化角度进行了解释。
