Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Nutrients. 2019 Mar 15;11(3):633. doi: 10.3390/nu11030633.
First-line therapy for advanced or metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) involves the removal of tumor-promoting androgens by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), resulting in transient tumor regression. Recurrent disease is attributed to tumor adaptation to survive, despite lower circulating androgen concentrations, making the blockage of downstream androgen signaling a chemotherapeutic goal for PCa. Dietary intake of tomato and its predominant carotenoid, lycopene, reduce the risk for PCa, and preclinical studies have shown promising results that tomato and lycopene can inhibit androgen signaling in normal prostate tissue. The goal of this systematic review was to evaluate whether mechanistic evidence exists to support the hypothesis that tomato or lycopene interact with the androgen axis in PCa. Eighteen studies ( = 5 in vivo; = 13 in vitro) were included in the final review. A formal meta-analysis was not feasible due to variability of the data; however, the overall estimated directions of effect for the compared studies were visually represented by albatross plots. All studies demonstrated either null or, more commonly, inhibitory effects of tomato or lycopene treatment on androgen-related outcomes. Strong mechanistic evidence was unable to be ascertained, but tomato and lycopene treatment appears to down-regulate androgen metabolism and signaling in PCa.
用于治疗晚期或转移性前列腺癌（PCa）的一线疗法包括通过雄激素剥夺疗法（ADT）去除促进肿瘤的雄激素，从而导致肿瘤暂时消退。复发性疾病归因于肿瘤适应以存活，尽管循环中的雄激素浓度较低，这使得阻断下游雄激素信号成为 PCa 的化疗目标。番茄及其主要类胡萝卜素番茄红素的饮食摄入可降低 PCa 的风险，临床前研究表明，番茄和番茄红素可以抑制正常前列腺组织中的雄激素信号。本系统评价的目的是评估是否存在机制证据支持番茄或番茄红素与 PCa 中的雄激素轴相互作用的假说。最终综述纳入了 18 项研究（=5 项体内；=13 项体外）。由于数据的可变性，无法进行正式的荟萃分析；然而，通过信天翁图直观地表示了比较研究的总体估计效果方向。所有研究均表明番茄或番茄红素治疗对与雄激素相关的结果具有无效或更常见的抑制作用。虽然无法确定强有力的机制证据，但番茄和番茄红素治疗似乎可下调 PCa 中的雄激素代谢和信号。
