Tobacco Prevention and Treatment Division, BREATHE, College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, 2265 Harrodsburg Road, Suite 202, Lexington, KY, 40504, USA.
BREATHE, College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, 2265 Harrodsburg Road, Suite 202, Lexington, KY, 40504, USA.
Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2019 Mar 16;21(5):15. doi: 10.1007/s11883-019-0777-7.
Electronic cigarettes, commonly known as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), e-cigarettes, or vapes, are growing in use and popularity. E-cigarettes are not one distinct type of product. These devices have evolved from the initial "cigarette-alike" designs to larger tank-style devices and most recently, smaller "mod-pods" that can be easily hidden. E-cigarettes can deliver nicotine at levels similar to conventional cigarettes.
As with conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes expose users to chemicals and particulates that affect many biological systems including the heart, lungs, and circulation. Most e-cigarettes contain and emit potentially toxic but highly variable substances. Only by using them in total abstinence from combustible tobacco products can users reduce (not eliminate) their exposure to these harmful chemicals. However, most adults smoking e-cigarettes are dual users, meaning they smoke both conventional and e-cigarettes. This review of the current cardiovascular-specific literature related to e-cigarette use explores what is known (and unknown) about the short- and long-term effects of using these devices. Specifically, the effects of nicotine, oxidizing agents, and particulates in e-cigarettes are examined in the context of cardiovascular and lung health. The goal is to assist clinicians when discussing e-cigarettes with their patients and to help them analyze the impact of use on cardiovascular health. Recommendations are provided related to clinical treatment and research to address gaps in the literature.
电子烟，通常被称为电子尼古丁输送系统（ENDS）、电子烟或 vape，使用和普及度不断增加。电子烟并非单一类型的产品。这些设备从最初的“香烟状”设计演变为更大的罐式设备，最近又演变为更小的“mod-pod”，可以轻松隐藏。电子烟可以输送与传统香烟相似水平的尼古丁。
与传统香烟一样，电子烟会使用户接触到影响许多生物系统的化学物质和颗粒物，包括心脏、肺部和循环系统。大多数电子烟都含有并释放出潜在有毒但高度可变的物质。只有通过完全戒除可燃烟草制品才能减少（而非消除）对这些有害化学物质的暴露。然而，大多数吸电子烟的成年人都是双重使用者，这意味着他们同时吸食传统香烟和电子烟。本综述探讨了当前与电子烟使用相关的心血管特定文献中，人们对使用这些设备的短期和长期影响的了解（和未知）。具体来说，在心血管和肺部健康的背景下，研究了电子烟中的尼古丁、氧化剂和颗粒物的影响。目的是在与患者讨论电子烟时为临床医生提供帮助，并帮助他们分析使用对心血管健康的影响。提供了与临床治疗和研究相关的建议，以解决文献中的空白。
