Fatoba A J, Adeleke M A
Acta Virol. 2019;63(1):19-25. doi: 10.4149/av_2019_110.
Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) is an immunosuppressive disease that causes great economic loss in poultry industry globally. This disease is caused by chicken anemia virus (CAV), an icosahedral and single-stranded DNA virus that is transmitted both vertically and horizontally. CAV, which belongs to the genus Gyrovirus has been reported in human, mouse and dog feces. Rapid identification of different strains of gyrovirus with high similarity to CAV has heightened public concern on this virus. Clinical symptoms of this disease such as intramuscular hemorrhage, weight loss, anemia and bone marrow aplasia are prominent in young chickens, while adult chickens experience subclinical symptoms. Biosecurity measures such as good management practice and vaccination have been the most reliable control strategy against this virus. Therefore, this study reviews the current state of CAV under the following subheadings (i) Chicken anemia virus (ii) Pathogenesis of CAV (iii) Serological evaluation of host antibodies to CAV (iv) Association of Marek's disease and infectious bursa disease with CAV infection (v) Genetic diversity and phylogenetics of CAV strains (vi) Current and future vaccine strategy in the control of CAV. In conclusion, improvement on DNA and recombinant vaccines strategy could curtail the economic impact of CAV on poultry birds. Keywords: adjuvant; CAV; chicken; disease.
鸡传染性贫血（CIA）是一种免疫抑制性疾病，在全球家禽业造成巨大经济损失。这种疾病由鸡贫血病毒（CAV）引起，CAV是一种二十面体单链DNA病毒，可垂直和水平传播。已在人类、小鼠和狗的粪便中报告了属于环病毒属的CAV。快速鉴定与CAV高度相似的不同环病毒株引起了公众对该病毒的高度关注。这种疾病的临床症状，如肌肉出血、体重减轻、贫血和骨髓发育不全，在幼鸡中很突出，而成鸡则出现亚临床症状。良好管理措施和疫苗接种等生物安全措施一直是对抗这种病毒最可靠的控制策略。因此，本研究在以下小标题下综述了CAV的现状：（i）鸡贫血病毒；（ii）CAV的发病机制；（iii）宿主对CAV抗体的血清学评估；（iv）马立克氏病和传染性法氏囊病与CAV感染的关联；（v）CAV毒株的遗传多样性和系统发育学；（vi）控制CAV的当前和未来疫苗策略。总之，改进DNA疫苗和重组疫苗策略可以减少CAV对家禽的经济影响。关键词：佐剂；CAV；鸡；疾病
