Professor of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Dentistry Department, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
Professor of Periodontology, Dentistry Department, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
Implant Dent. 2019 Apr;28(2):120-124. doi: 10.1097/ID.0000000000000876.
Risk factors associated with periimplant disease have been exhaustively explored in many studies. However, despite the high incidence of smokers in the general population, it is still unclear whether smoking is a risk factor for the development of periimplant diseases.
The aim of this review was to analyze all pertinent literature, including systematic reviews, clinical trials, and long-term follow-up, to evaluate smoking as a real risk factor for periimplant diseases.
A comprehensive search was conducted on MEDLINE through PubMed database of the US National Library of Medicine, for articles published until March 2018. All searches were performed using medical subject headings or free-text words. After screening, data extraction, and duplicate removal from 972 found articles, 19 were included in this review.
The influence of smoking on the healing process around implants has been explored for potential disruption of the healing process and periimplant disease development. Despite the discussed results in many studies, most of the analyzed literature shows a scientific basis to determine smoking as a risk factor for periimplant disease development, considering that smoking increases the susceptibility to periimplant disease. However, future studies excluding confounding factors need to be performed.
This review showed that smoking is a real risk factor that increases the likelihood of development of periimplant disease.
许多研究已经详尽地探讨了与种植体周围疾病相关的风险因素。然而，尽管在普通人群中吸烟者的发病率很高，但吸烟是否是种植体周围疾病发展的一个风险因素仍不清楚。
本综述的目的是分析所有相关文献，包括系统评价、临床试验和长期随访，以评估吸烟是否是种植体周围疾病的一个真正的风险因素。
通过美国国立医学图书馆的 PubMed 数据库对 MEDLINE 进行了全面检索，检索时间截至 2018 年 3 月。所有检索均使用了医学主题词或自由词。在对 972 篇发现的文章进行筛选、数据提取和重复去除后，有 19 篇文章被纳入本综述。
吸烟对种植体周围愈合过程的影响已被探讨，因为它可能破坏愈合过程和种植体周围疾病的发展。尽管许多研究中讨论了结果，但大多数分析文献表明，吸烟是种植体周围疾病发展的一个风险因素，因为吸烟增加了患种植体周围疾病的易感性。然而，需要进行排除混杂因素的未来研究。
本综述表明，吸烟是一个真正的风险因素，增加了种植体周围疾病发展的可能性。
