University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Am J Pharm Educ. 2019 Feb;83(1):6922. doi: 10.5688/ajpe6922.
To review the types of pre-class learning modalities used in flipped classrooms (FC) and team-based learning (TBL) and determine best practices. Forty-eight articles were included. Reading materials or video lectures were used most often as the primary modality to deliver the pre-class learning. Students favored assignments that have clear objectives, provide guidance, are guided, and are brief. This study describes how pharmacy schools and colleges are implementing FC into their curricula and the types of pre-class learning that are being developed and assigned with the implementation. More research should be done in comparing the impact of different types of pre-class material on learning outcomes, such as knowledge retention. This is especially important in FC settings because the in-class learning and higher order activities are built upon having a good foundational knowledge, which comes from the pre-class learning.
回顾翻转课堂（FC）和基于团队的学习（TBL）中使用的预课学习模式类型，并确定最佳实践。共纳入 48 篇文章。阅读材料或视频讲座最常被用作提供预课学习的主要模式。学生更喜欢具有明确目标、提供指导、有指导和简短的作业。本研究描述了药学院和药学院如何将 FC 纳入其课程，以及正在开发和分配哪些类型的预课学习。应该进行更多的研究来比较不同类型的预课材料对学习成果的影响，例如知识保留。在 FC 环境中，这一点尤为重要，因为课堂学习和更高阶的活动是建立在良好的基础知识之上的，而这些基础知识来自预课学习。
