a Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Department of Brain and Cognition , KU , Leuven , Belgium.
b Cognition & Philosophy Lab, Department of Philosophy , Monash University , Clayton , Australia.
Cogn Neurosci. 2019 Jul;10(3):164-166. doi: 10.1080/17588928.2019.1594746. Epub 2019 Mar 21.
Ward's signal detection theory-based framework elucidates some aspects of interindividual differences in sensitivity, but, we argue, obscures others. Specifically, it disregards the important challenge of inferring the meaning of sensory inputs. Within Bayesian predictive coding accounts, the meaning is given by inferences to more deeply hidden causes of sensory inputs and is generally the basis for initiating context-appropriate (e.g., social) behavior. As such, when inference of hierarchical causes is hampered, as accounts of autism based on deficient precision estimation imply, a form of hyporesponsivity can emerge (together with the hypersensitivity already highlighted by Ward).
基于 Ward 信号检测理论的框架阐明了个体敏感性差异的一些方面，但我们认为，它也掩盖了其他方面。具体来说，它忽略了推断感觉输入意义的重要挑战。在贝叶斯预测编码解释中，意义是通过对感觉输入更深入隐藏原因的推断来给出的，通常是启动上下文适当（例如，社会）行为的基础。因此，当基于精度估计不足的自闭症解释所暗示的那种层次原因推断受到阻碍时，就会出现一种反应迟钝的形式（与 Ward 已经强调的过度敏感一起出现）。
