Eme Paul Eze, Burlingame Barbara, Douwes Jeroen, Kim Nicholas, Foliaki Sunia
School of Health Sciences, College of Health Science, Massey University, New Zealand.
Centre of Public Health Research, Massey University, New Zealand.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2019;28(1):131-138. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.201903_28(1).0018.
Malnutrition is a public health problem especially among the Pacific Small Island developing nations. This study assessed malnutrition with dietary intakes in households of South Tarawa, Kiribati, a West Pacific Island Nation State.
A cross-sectional community-based study design was used. One hundred and sixty-one households were selected from Betio, Bikenibeu and Teaorereke towns using a systematic random sampling method. About 35% each of the households was selected from Bikenebue and Besio while 30.4% was selected from Teaoraeke. Family (including children) dietary surveys including 24- hour dietary recall were administered to assess adequacy of nutrient intakes and dietary diversity using Household Diet Diversity Scores. A 3-day weighed food record was collected on a sub-sample. Data were analysed using FoodWorks Pro 8 for nutrient intake and Statistical Product for Service Solution (SPSS) version 21 for descriptive statistics.
Sixty-one percent of the subjects had the lowest dietary diversity, 36.3% had a medium dietary diversity and only 2.7% had the highest dietary diversity. Based on the weighed food record results (n=29), male subjects of all age groups had adequate intakes of riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, magnesium, iron and zinc, but had high intakes of protein and sodium; and low intakes of potassium and calcium. Female subjects had adequate intakes of vitamin C, iron, magnesium and zinc, but had high intakes of protein and sodium; and low intakes of potassium and calcium.
Across all groups, 61% of the adult Kiribati population studied showed low dietary diversity, and a high prevalence of multiple micronutrient deficiencies.
营养不良是一个公共卫生问题，在太平洋小岛屿发展中国家尤为突出。本研究评估了西太平洋岛国基里巴斯南塔拉瓦家庭的营养不良状况及其饮食摄入情况。
采用基于社区的横断面研究设计。使用系统随机抽样方法从贝蒂奥、比凯尼贝乌和蒂奥雷雷克镇选取了161户家庭。比凯尼贝乌和贝蒂奥各约35%的家庭被选中，而蒂奥雷雷克则有30.4%的家庭被选中。对家庭（包括儿童）进行饮食调查，包括24小时饮食回顾，以使用家庭饮食多样性评分评估营养摄入的充足性和饮食多样性。对一个子样本收集了为期3天的称重食物记录。使用FoodWorks Pro 8分析营养摄入数据，使用统计产品与服务解决方案（SPSS）版本21进行描述性统计分析。
61%的受试者饮食多样性最低，36.3%的受试者饮食多样性中等，只有2.7%的受试者饮食多样性最高。根据称重食物记录结果（n = 29），所有年龄组的男性受试者核黄素、烟酸、维生素C、镁、铁和锌的摄入量充足，但蛋白质和钠的摄入量较高；钾和钙的摄入量较低。女性受试者维生素C、铁、镁和锌的摄入量充足，但蛋白质和钠的摄入量较高；钾和钙的摄入量较低。
在所有研究组中，61%的成年基里巴斯人口饮食多样性较低，多种微量营养素缺乏的患病率较高。
