Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2019 Mar 22;38(1):117. doi: 10.1186/s13046-019-1086-2.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has changed clinical practice for patients with different cancers, since these agents have demonstrated a significant improvement of overall survival and are effective in many patients. However, an intrinsic or acquired resistance frequently occur and biomarkers predictive of responsiveness should help in patient selection and in defining the adequate treatment options. A deep analysis of the complexity of the tumor microenvironment is likely to further advance the field and hopefully identify more effective combined immunotherapeutic strategies. Here we review the current knowledge on tumor microenvironment, focusing on T cells, cancer associated fibroblasts and extracellular matrix. The use of 3D cell culture models to resemble tumor microenvironment landscape and to screen immunomodulatory drugs is also reviewed.
免疫检查点抑制剂治疗改变了不同癌症患者的临床实践，因为这些药物显著提高了总生存率，并且对许多患者有效。然而，经常会出现内在或获得性耐药，预测反应性的生物标志物有助于患者选择和确定适当的治疗方案。深入分析肿瘤微环境的复杂性可能会进一步推动该领域的发展，并有望确定更有效的联合免疫治疗策略。本文综述了肿瘤微环境的最新知识，重点介绍了 T 细胞、癌相关成纤维细胞和细胞外基质。还回顾了使用 3D 细胞培养模型来模拟肿瘤微环境景观和筛选免疫调节药物的方法。
