Dornhoff Maximilian, Sothmann Jan-Niklas, Fiebelkorn Florian, Menzel Susanne
Faculty of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2019 Mar 7;10:453. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00453. eCollection 2019.
Today's societies are confronted by a daily biodiversity loss, which will increase in the face of climate change and environmental pollution. Biodiversity loss is a particularly severe problem in so-called biodiversity hotspots. Ecuador is an example of a country that hosts two different biodiversity hotspots. Human behavior - in developing as well as in industrial countries such as Germany - must be considered as one of the most important direct and indirect drivers of this global trend and thus plays a crucial role in environmentalism and biodiversity conservation. Nature relatedness and environmental concern have been identified as important environmental psychological factors related to people's pro-environmental behavior. However, the human-nature relationship depends on a variety of other factors, such as values, gender, nationality, qualities of environmental concern and time spent in nature. This study compared young people from Ecuador and Germany with regard to their nature relatedness and environmental concern. Furthermore, the role of the aforementioned factors was investigated. In total, we surveyed 2,173 high school students from Germany ( = 14.56 years, = 1.45; female: 55.1%) and 451 high school students from Ecuador ( = 14.63 years, = 1.77; female: 55.3%). We found that young Ecuadorians were more related to nature than young people from Germany. Additionally, we found country-specific differences in the structure of environmental concern and in the role of gender in the explanation of biospheric environmental concern and nature relatedness. In both samples, the self-transcendence value cluster was a significant positive predictor for biospheric environmental concern and nature relatedness. Time spent in nature was a significant positive predictor for nature relatedness in both samples. The results are an empirical basis for the assumption of culture-specific differences in human-nature relationships.
当今社会每天都面临生物多样性丧失的问题，面对气候变化和环境污染，这一问题还将加剧。生物多样性丧失在所谓的生物多样性热点地区是一个尤为严重的问题。厄瓜多尔就是一个拥有两个不同生物多样性热点地区的国家。人类行为——无论是在发展中国家还是在德国这样的工业国家——都必须被视为这一全球趋势最重要的直接和间接驱动因素之一，因此在环境保护主义和生物多样性保护中起着至关重要的作用。与自然的关联度和环境关注度已被确定为与人们亲环境行为相关的重要环境心理因素。然而，人与自然的关系还取决于多种其他因素，如价值观、性别、国籍、环境关注度的特质以及在自然中的时间。本研究比较了来自厄瓜多尔和德国的年轻人在与自然的关联度和环境关注度方面的情况。此外，还调查了上述因素所起的作用。我们总共调查了来自德国的2173名高中生（平均年龄 = 14.56岁，标准差 = 1.45；女生占55.1%）和来自厄瓜多尔的451名高中生（平均年龄 = 14.63岁，标准差 = 1.77；女生占55.3%）。我们发现，厄瓜多尔的年轻人比德国的年轻人与自然的关联度更高。此外，我们还发现了两国在环境关注度结构以及性别在解释对生物圈环境的关注度和与自然的关联度方面所起作用上的差异。在两个样本中，自我超越价值集群都是对生物圈环境关注度和与自然的关联度的显著正向预测指标。在两个样本中，在自然中的时间都是与自然的关联度的显著正向预测指标。这些结果为假设人与自然关系存在文化特定差异提供了实证依据。
