Porto Marcelo Firpo
NEEPES (Center for Ecologies, Epistemologies and Emancipatory Promotion of Health), National School of Public Health, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Health Promot Int. 2019 Mar 1;34(Supplement_1):i56-i64. doi: 10.1093/heapro/day086.
The article, a critical essay, presents the notion of an emancipatory promotion of health (EPH), which seeks to relate the field of public health in theoretical and practical terms with the reinvention of utopias and relevant social struggles of our time principally in the Global South, a metaphor designating the peripheral or semiperipheral regions of the modern world-system. This is a relevant topic in the face of the planetary socio-ecological crisis and the debate on economic development, democracy and sustainability at a moment especially critical for the Brazilian reality and other countries. In particular, the contributions of peoples and social movements from rural, forests and water-dominated regions in Brazil to the emancipatory practices of health are discussed. The article is mainly based on two theoretical and methodological references, the Political Ecology and post-colonial approaches. The first focuses its analysis on the intensification of the social metabolism and environmental conflicts in the global capitalist economy, based on an unfair and unsustainable international trade that generates numerous socio-environmental conflicts, mainly in the Global South, that is, the peripheral countries that export agricultural and mineral commodities to richer ones. The second reference broadens and integrates the critique of capitalism with colonialism and patriarchy, understood as the three axes of oppression resulting from the Eurocentric modernity project. The challenge here is to deconstruct and reconstruct through an intercultural dialogue new conceptions of society, economy, nature, development, work and health. Such references help us to understand the importance of indigenous, peasant and Afro-descendant struggles for an emancipatory health promotion.
这篇批判性文章提出了促进健康的解放性理念（EPH），该理念试图将公共卫生领域在理论和实践层面与乌托邦的重塑以及我们这个时代主要在全球南方（一个指代现代世界体系的边缘或半边缘地区的隐喻）的相关社会斗争联系起来。鉴于全球社会生态危机以及在对巴西现实和其他国家而言尤为关键的时刻关于经济发展、民主和可持续性的辩论，这是一个相关话题。文章特别讨论了巴西农村、森林和以水为主的地区的人民和社会运动对健康解放性实践的贡献。本文主要基于两个理论和方法论参考，即政治生态学和后殖民方法。前者将其分析重点放在全球资本主义经济中社会新陈代谢的强化和环境冲突上，这种冲突基于不公平且不可持续的国际贸易，而这种贸易在全球南方（即向较富裕国家出口农产品和矿产品的外围国家）引发了众多社会环境冲突。第二个参考将对资本主义的批判与殖民主义和父权制进行了拓展和整合，殖民主义和父权制被视为欧洲中心主义现代性项目产生的三条压迫轴线。这里的挑战是通过跨文化对话解构并重建关于社会、经济、自然、发展、工作和健康的新观念。这些参考有助于我们理解土著、农民和非裔后代为促进解放性健康而进行斗争的重要性。
